Figure 2

CH-CM induces the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in CCA cell lines. CCA cells were treated with CH-CM at 0% 50% 75% for 12 h and 24 h and subsequently stained with JC-1 dye. FCCP was used as a positive control. (A) Fluorescence microscope analysis showed the increase of green fluorescence (unhealthy mitochondria) and reduction of red fluorescence (healthy mitochondria) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. (B) The quantitative analysis of JC-1 staining showed a significantly decreased red/green fluorescence ratio in all CCA cell lines after being cultured with CH-CM, thus indicating CH-CM-induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in these cells. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3. ***p < 0.001 compared to the control group.