Table 2 Selected characteristics and their relation with incident depressive symptom during the COVID-19 lockdown (n = 2820).
Incident depressive symptom during lockdown No./total (%)s | N | Odds ratios (95% CIs) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age-adjusted* | Multivariable adjusted† | ||
Baseline characteristics | |||
Age (years) | |||
< 45 | 126/499 (25.3) | 1.60 (1.26–2.04) | 1.69 (1.31–2.17) |
45–64 | 271/1554 (17.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
≥ 65 | 149/767 (19.4) | 1.14 (0.91–1.42) | 1.06 (0.85–1.34) |
Non-communicable disease | |||
No | 183/1042 (17.6) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 363/1778 (20.4) | 1.31 (1.07–1.62) | 1.30 (1.05–1.61) |
Gender | |||
Male | 214/1066 (20.1) | 1.00 (reference) | – |
Female | 332/1754 (18.9) | 0.94 (0.78–1.14) | – |
Marital status | |||
Unmarried | 23/98 (23.5) | 0.96 (0.58–1.59) | – |
Married | 484/2549 (19.0) | 1.00 (reference) | – |
Divorced | 12/66 (18.2) | 0.93 (0.49–1.75) | – |
Widowed | 27/107 (25.2) | 1.50 (0.95–2.37) | – |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | |||
< 25 | 352/1861 (18.9) | 1.00 (reference) | – |
25–29 | 169/852 (19.8) | 1.09 (0.89–1.34) | – |
≥ 30 | 24/104 (23.1) | 1.26 (0.79–2.02) | – |
Unknown | 1/3 | – | – |
Smoking | |||
Never | 419/2162 (19.4) | 1.00 (reference) | – |
Former | 33/174 (19.0) | 1.01 (0.68–1.49) | – |
Current | 94/483 (19.5) | 1.01 (0.79–1.29) | – |
Unknown | 0/1 | – | – |
Drinking | |||
Never | 323/1585 (20.4) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Former | 14/44 (31.8) | 1.91 (1.00–3.65) | 1.84 (0.95–3.55) |
Current | 209/1190 (17.6) | 0.83 (0.68–1.00) | 0.84 (0.69–1.02) |
Unknown | 0/1 | – | – |
Eating irregularly | |||
No | 525/2710 (19.4) | 1.00 (reference) | – |
Yes | 20/105 (19.0) | 0.92 (0.56–1.52) | – |
Unknown | 1/5 | – | – |
Sleep quality | |||
Very good | 142/707 (20.1) | 1.00 (reference) | – |
Fairly good | 302/1615 (18.7) | 0.89 (0.71–1.11) | – |
Fairly bad | 95/454 (20.9) | 1.03 (0.77–1.38) | – |
Very bad | 7/39 (17.9) | 0.89 (0.39–2.07) | – |
Physical activity | |||
Low | 82/406 (20.2) | 1.00 (reference) | – |
Moderate | 272/1524 (17.8) | 0.91 (0.69–1.20) | – |
Vigorous | 161/739 (21.8) | 1.19 (0.88–1.61) | – |
Unknown | 31/151 | – | – |
Characteristics during lockdown | |||
Maintaining moderate to vigorous physical activity | |||
No | 197/850 (23.2) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 268/1494 (17.9) | 0.76 (0.62–0.94) | 0.77 (0.62–0.95) |
Unknown | 81/476 | – | – |
Need to refill medication | |||
No | 343/2051 (16.7) | 1.00 (reference) | 1.00 (reference) |
Yes | 83/352 (23.6) | 1.62 (1.23–2.15) | 1.52 (1.15–2.02) |
Unknown | 120/417 | – | – |
