Table 4 Wave 3 survey: perceived negativity of seismicity of events, based on framing and cause of the event.

From: Effect of linguistic framing and information provision on attitudes towards induced seismicity and seismicity regulation

How negative would you feel ______ is, caused by…

‘An earthquake’

‘A seismic event’

‘A tremor’

‘Micro-seismicity’

Shale gas extraction (can feel ground movement, no damage)1

7.82

7.55

7.56

7.36

Deep geothermal operations (can feel, no damage)

7.21a 2

6.74a,b

6.63b

6.54b

Quarry blasting or similar industrial processes (can feel, no damage)

7.41a

7.04a,b

6.84b

6.79b

Natural movements (can feel, no damage)

5.15

5.13

5.02

4.80

Shale gas extraction (cannot feel ground movement, no damage)

6.34

6.09

5.93

5.98

Deep geothermal operations (cannot feel, no damage)

5.76

5.15

5.10

5.10

Quarry blasting or similar industrial processes (cannot feel, no damage)

6.08

5.67

5.45

5.51

Natural movements (cannot feel, no damage)

4.19

3.99

3.94

3.72

  1. 1All items in this table were measured on an eleven-point scale, 0 = not at all negative, 10 = very negative.
  2. 2Within a given row, superscript letters denote values that differ from each other significantly, based on Tukey post-hoc tests for differences between means, following an ANOVA. If the letter is the same, those mean values do not differ. If a row has no superscript letters, there are no significant differences amongst the four means for that item.
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