Table 1 Characteristic of SLE patients.

From: Autoantibodies against IFNα in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and susceptibility for infection: a retrospective case-control study

 

All n = 180

Anti-IFNα positive n = 20

Anti-IFNα negative n = 160

p

Female Sex, n (%)

157 (87.2)

17 (85)

140 (87.5)

0.73

Age, years

44.4 [34–54.2]

41.5 [30.25–55]

44.8 [35–54]

0.32

SLE phenotype

Duration of SLE disease, years

10 [4–20]

8.5 [2–20.25]

10 [4–20]

0.58

SLEDAI score

2 [0–4]

2 [0–4.5]

2 [0–4]

0.24

Arthritis, n (%)

127 (71)

13 (65)

114 (71)

0.61

Auto-immune cytopenia, n (%)

37 (21)

1 (5)

36 (22.5)

0.08

Class III/IV nephritis, n (%)

54 (30)

7 (35)

47 (29)

0.61

Serosal, n (%)

49 (27)

5 (25)

44 (28)

1

Neuropsychiatric, n (%)

13 (7.2)

0 (0)

13 (8.1)

0.37

Mucocutaneous, n (%)

125 (69)

14 (70)

111 (69)

1

anti-SSA, n (%)

80 (45)

8 (40)

72 (46)

0.64

anti-SSB, n (%)

22 (12)

1 (5)

21 (13.4)

0.48

anti-RNP, n (%)

51 (29)

8 (40)

43 (27)

0.30

anti-Sm, n (%)

42 (24)

7 (35)

35 (22)

0.26

anti-PL, n (%)

42 (23)

4 (20)

38 (24)

1

Low C3, n (%)

41 (30)

5 (31)

36 (30)

1

Gammaglobulins, g/L

13.8 [10.2–16.8]

11.7 [9.9–17.6]

13.9 [10.75–16.25]

0.9

Lymphocytes count

1.5 [1.1–2]

1.68 [1.1–2]

1.5 [1.1–2]

0.77

GFR < 60 mL/mn/1.73 m2, n(%)

12 (7)

2 (10)

10 (6.2)

0.63

Proteinuria/Creatininuria, mg/mmol

30 [20–100]

30 [20–60]

30 [10–100]

0.81

Infections

Bacterium, n (%)

57 (31.7)

4 (20)

53 (33.1)

0.81

Virus

40 (22.2)

6 (30)

34 (21.2)

0.41

VZV

13 (7)

1 (5)

12 (7.5)

1

SarsCov2

15 (8.3)

3 (15)

12 (7.5)

0.22

Admission

7

2

5

–

ICU

0

0

0

–

Asymptomatic

3

1

2

–

Second infection

3

1

2

–

Other$

12 (6.7)

2 (10)

10 (6.2)

0.63

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

9 (5)

4 (20)

5 (3.1)

0.01

Parasite/Fungus, n (%)

10 (5.6)

0 (0)

10 (6.2)

0.61

Pneumocystis carinii

2 (1.1)

0 (0)

2 (1.3)

–

Aspergillosis

0 (0)

0 (0)

0 (0)

–

Other†

8 (4.5)

0 (0)

8 (5)

–

Number of infection

0.72

1

69 (38.3)

9 (45)

60 (37.5)

 

2

21 (11.7)

3 (15)

18 (11.2)

 

 > 2

5 (2.8)

0 (0)

5 (3.1)

 

Treatment history

Steroids, n (%)

144 (80)

16 (80)

128 (80)

1

Steroids daily dose*, mg/d

5 [0–9]

5 [0–9.25]

5 [0–9]

0.77

Hydroxychloroquine, n (%)

148 (82)

18 (90)

130 (81)

0.54

HCQ daily dose, mg/d

400 [200–400]

400 [200–400]

400 [375–400]

1

[HCQ] ng/mL

936 [555–1276]

1326 [832–1787]

906 [510–1261]

0.07

Immunosuppressive drugs, n (%)

99 (55)

13 (65)

86 (54)

0.48

Biologics, n (%)

43 (24)

5 (25)

38 (24)

1

  1. GFR glomerular filtration rate, HCQ hydroxychloroquine, VZV varicella-zoster virus, ICU intensive care unit, HCQ hydroxychloroquine.
  2. Immunosuppressive drugs included cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and methotrexate.
  3. Biologics included belimumab and rituximab.
  4. $other virus include respiratory viruses (n = 2), herpes simplex virus (n = 2), dengue virus (n = 2), hepatitis C virus (n = 2), hepatitis B virus (n = 2), human papillomavirus (n = 1), and chikungunya virus (n = 1).
  5. †Other parasite/fungus include plasmodium falciparum (n = 6), sarcoptes scabiei (n = 1) and cryptosporidium (n = 1).
  6. *Current.
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