Table 1 Effect of an increase in the input variables on ejection fraction, corrected ejection fraction, pressure-strain loop and ASED (CASED/GLASED).

From: Left ventricular active strain energy density is a promising new measure of systolic function

Variable

EF

EFc

PSL

CASED

GLASED

↑LS

↑↑

↑↑

↑↑

–

↑↑↑

↑MCS

↑↑↑

↑↑↑

–

↑↑↑

–

↑EDWT

↑↑↑

–

–

↓↓

↓↓

↑LVIDd

↓↓

–

–

↑↑

↑↑

↑LV length

↓

–

–

–

–

↑Pressure

–

–

↑↑

↑↑

↑↑

  1. Increase of longitudinal shortening (LS), midwall circumferential shortening (MCS), end-diastolic wall thickness (EDWT), left ventricular internal dimensions in diastole (LVIDd), left ventricular (LV) length and ventricular pressure generation have differing effects on EF10,12,14, EFc17,19, PSL (pressure-strain loop area), GLASED and midwall CASED. MCS has a greater effect on EF, EFc and stroke volume compared with longitudinal shortening11.
  2. Note the opposing impacts of EDWT and LVIDd on EF and GLASED and the absence of an effect of EDWT, LVIDd and LV length on EFc. There is an apparent lack of a direct pressure effect on EF and EFc. despite the effect of hemodynamic load on strain. The effect of changes in pressure generation on EF are masked through remodelling with changes in EDWT and LVIDd.
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