Table 1 Characteristics of the countries by year.
1990 | 2000 | 2010 | 2018 | p trend | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
n | 125 | 140 | 146 | 144 | |||||
Coffee intake (cups/day/population) | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.6 | < 0.001 |
IHD incidence rate (100,000 population) | 338.7 | 182.6 | 330.6 | 189.1 | 321.0 | 194.7 | 311.2 | 187.4 | 0.073 |
IHD mortality rate (100,000 population) | 187.6 | 92.9 | 179.1 | 108.3 | 160.9 | 107.6 | 147.5 | 99.5 | < 0.001 |
GDP (US $1000/capita) | 5.4 | 8.4 | 6.1 | 9.6 | 12.6 | 17.5 | 14.4 | 19.2 | < 0.001 |
Population (million population) | 40.1 | 130.0 | 42.1 | 141.7 | 46.0 | 153.6 | 50.3 | 165.2 | 0.398 |
Aging rate (%) | 6.2 | 4.2 | 7.2 | 4.9 | 7.9 | 5.6 | 9.1 | 6.6 | < 0.001 |
Cigarette smoking rate (%) | 22.2 | 8.9 | 20.7 | 8.8 | 19.4 | 8.3 | 18.5 | 7.8 | < 0.001 |
Alcohol consumption (grams of ethanol/day/capita) | 10.6 | 7.9 | 10.5 | 7.6 | 10.2 | 7.6 | 10.3 | 7.6 | 0.537 |
Physical activity (1000 METs·min/wk) | 5.4 | 1.8 | 5.5 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 1.8 | 0.988 |
Total energy intake (1000 kcal/day/capita) | 2.5 | 0.4 | 2.5 | 0.4 | 2.6 | 0.4 | 2.7 | 0.4 | < 0.001 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 24.0 | 1.8 | 24.5 | 2.0 | 25.1 | 2.1 | 25.6 | 2.2 | < 0.001 |
SBP (mmHg) | 127.7 | 4.5 | 128.4 | 4.4 | 128.9 | 4.3 | 129.4 | 4.2 | < 0.001 |
LDL-C (mg/dl) | 110.2 | 21.0 | 111.1 | 19.2 | 111.7 | 17.3 | 112.7 | 16.9 | 0.261 |
