Table 1 Vital signs, demographics data and patient consciousness for analyzed cohort represented by mean and standard deviation (STD).

From: Explainable machine learning for real-time deterioration alert prediction to guide pre-emptive treatment

Variable name

Variable range

Train

Test

p value*

SMD**

2016–2018

Jan 2019–Sept 2019

(n = 2,418,646)

(n = 818,955)

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) mmHg, mean(STD)

[0, 300]

126.69 (21.16)

126.50 (20.92)

< 0.001

0.009

Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) mmHg, mean(STD)

[0, 250]

73.14 (11.12)

73.24 (11.24)

< 0.001

0.009

Mean arterial pressure (MAP) mmHg, mean(STD)

[20, 261]

91.08 (12.98)

91.07 (12.92)

0.662

0.001

Heart rate \(min^{-1}\), mean(STD)

[0, 200]

79.31 (15.92)

78.93 (15.76)

< 0.001

0.024

Temperature \(\deg C\), mean(STD)

[30, 42.2]

36.70 (0.40)

36.70 (0.39)

< 0.001

0.018

Respiratory rate \(min^{-1}\), mean(STD)

[0, 60]

17.37 (2.70)

17.31 (2.57)

< 0.001

0.022

Oxygen saturation (SpO2) \(\%\), mean(STD)

[50, 100]

96.52 (2.33)

96.55 (2.28)

< 0.001

0.013

Level of consciousness (AVPU) Count Yes (\(\%\))

Yes/No

1,139,246 (47.1)

604,482 (73.8)

< 0.001

0.568

Oxygen flow rate measurement count yes (\(\%\))

Yes/No

870,033 (36.0)

275,136 (33.6)

< 0.001

0.05

Sex male(\(\%\))

Male/female

1,494,810 (61.8)

508,377 (62.1)

< 0.001

0.006

Age years, mean(STD)

[1, 106]

59.89 (17.23)

59.76 (17.20)

< 0.001

0.008

Length of stay min, mean(STD)

[0, 1,280,016]

13,468.90 (27828.52)

12,188.85 (22409.22)

< 0.001

0.051

  1. *Calculated for training and test partition using two-sample t tests for normally distributed for descriptive purpose.
  2. **Standardised mean difference (SMD).