Figure 8 | Scientific Reports

Figure 8

From: Titania nanospikes activate macrophage phagocytosis by ligand-independent contact stimulation

Figure 8

Involvement of nanotopography in macrophage activation by titania nanosurfaces (A) Water contact angles as determined by the sessile drop method. (B) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of titanium sheets with smooth (SM) and nano-roughened (NR) 1 and 2 surfaces before (as-prepared) and after ultraviolet (UV) irradiation treatment. The black arrows in the FTIR spectra indicate spectral peaks corresponding to hydroxyl groups (–OH). (C) Gene expressions of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, TLR2, macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO), and class A macrophage scavenger receptors (SR-A) relative to glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), as analyzed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in J774A.1 cells cultured for 3 days on SM, NR1, and NR2 surfaces pre-irradiated and not irradiated with UV. Data represented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD; N = 3). Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05; Tukey’s honestly significant difference [HSD] test in A and Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test in C).

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