Table 3 Assessing the certainty of the evidence presented for each outcome.

From: Therapeutic exercise to improve motor function among children with Down Syndrome aged 0 to 3 years: a systematic literature review and meta‑analysis

No. of studies

Study design

Risk of bias

Inconsistency

Indirect evidence

Imprecision

Other considerations

Therapeutic exercise

Placebo

Absolute (95% CI)

Certainty

Independent gait: three steps without assistance. Treadmill-type aerobic Therapeutic exercise vs. control (assessed: days-to-event)

3

Randomized trials

Very serious a

Not serious b

Not serious

Serious b

No effect was observed

41

41

MD 46.79 days less

(32.6 lower than 126.19 higher.)

LOW

Motor development (mental dimension) intervention: neuromuscular exercise vs control (regular interventions) (assessed: Gross motor function measure)

1

Randomized trials

Not serious

Serious c

Serious b

No effect was observed

10

10

MD 5.28 less (14.07 less than 3.51 higher.)

LOW

Motor development (motor dimension): intervention: neuromuscular exercise vs control (regular interventions) (assessed: Gross motor function measure)

1

Randomized trials

Not serious

Serious c

Serious b

No effect was observed

10

10

MD 5.54 less (18.01 less than 6.93 higher.)

LOW

Gait speed follow-up 4 and 6 weeks intervention: aerobic exercise-weight-supported treadmill training vs regular intervention

1

Randomized trials

Serious d

Not serious

Serious b

No effect was observed

12

12

MD 0.1 higher

(-0.02 lower than 0.21 higher.)

LOW

Motor development follow-up 4 and 6 weeks intervention: aerobic exercise-weight-supported treadmill training vs regular intervention (assessed with: GMFM)

1

Randomized trials

Serious d

Not serious

Not serious b

No effect was observed

12

12

MD 2.07 higher

(0.28 higher than 3.86 higher.)

MODERATE

  1. MD: mean difference. aThe methods of randomization and the blinding of the evaluators are not clear. There is selective and incomplete reporting of results in one of the studies and doubt in the others; bConfidence intervals are wide; they cross the line of no effect. cPopulation with intellectual disability including Down Syndrome. dThe methods of randomization are not clear.