Table 5 Vehicle parameters.

Mass of the vehicle body

m_C = 38,936 kg

Pitching moment of inertia of the vehicle

J_C = 1.7 × 10⁶ kg·m²

Length of the vehicle body

l_V = 24.5 m

Mass of the bogie

m_B = 2328 kg

Pitching moment of inertia of the bogie

J_B = 2602 kg·m²

Distance between bogie centres

l_B = 17.375 m

Mass of the wheelset

m_W = 1639 kg

Contact stiffness

k_H = 0.5 × 10⁹ N/m

Distance between axles

l_A = 2.5 m

Vertical stiffness of the primary suspension

k_P = 0.75 × 10⁶ N/m

Vertical viscous damping of the primary suspension

c_P = 10 kN·s/m

Vertical stiffness of the secondary suspension

k_S = 0.2 × 10⁶ N/m

Vertical viscous damping of the secondary suspension

c_S = 10 kN·s/m