Table 1 Pedicle perforations in the different groups.

From: Comparison of three imaging and navigation systems regarding accuracy of pedicle screw placement in a sawbone model

 

iCT/curve

C-arm CBCT/Pulse

CBCT/StealthStation

Obs1

Obs2

Obs1

Obs2

Obs1

Obs2

Overall perforations

29/157 (18.5%)

36/157 (22.9%)

28/158 (17.7%)

24/158 (18.4%)

60/155 (38.7%)

58/155 (37.4%)

Of which ≥ 2 mm

(GRS C-E)

7 (4.5%)

9 (5.7%)

3 (1.9%)

5 (3.2%)

18 (11.6%)

16 (10.3%)

Of which medial

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

0 (0.0%)

2 (11.1%)

2 (12.5%)

Of which lateral

7 (100.0%)

9 (100.0%)

3 (100.0%)

5 (100.0%)

16 (88.9%)

14 (87.5%)

PS placement accuracy

150/157 (95.5%)

148/157 (94.3%)

155/158 (98.1%)

153/158 (96.8%)

137/155 (88.4%)

139/155 (89.5%)

  1. Obs1 Observer 1, Obs2 Observer2, GRS C-E Gertzbein Robbins Grade C–E.
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