Table 3 Multiple plant growth promoting activities of the promising rhizobacterial strains, isolated from different rhizospheres of walnut trees, under control (0 MPa) and PEG₆₀₀₀-induced drought stress (− 1.5 MPa) treatment.

From: Characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in Persian walnut associated with drought stress tolerance

Rhizobacteria strains	Phosphate-solubilizing activity (mg L⁻¹)		Siderophore production (% Siderophore unit)		IAA production (μg mL⁻¹)		Gibberellic acid (GA₃) production (μg mL⁻¹)		HCN production
Rhizobacteria strains	Control	− 1.5 MPa	Control	− 1.5 MPa	Control	− 1.5 MPa	Control	− 1.5 MPa	Control	− 1.5 MPa
ZM4	*256 ± 8.66	247 ± 6.11	22.71 ± 1.33	24.61 ± 1.77	21.33±1.55	22.52 ± 1.25	74.35 ± 6.44	79.45 ± 4.17	+++	++++
ZM7	213 ± 7.50	235 ± 10.42	19.53 ± 1.08	21.45 ± 2.08	22.70±1.04	24.61 ± 1.15	68.74 ± 7.11	75.62 ± 3.15	++	+++
ZM12	216 ± 5.43	248 ± 13.48	22.42 ± 1.80	22.70 ± 1.65	20.41±2.02	20.90 ± 2.09	64.22 ± 5.09	71.34 ± 5.21	+++	+++
ZM14	182 ± 8.00	196 ± 7.07	20.85 ± 2.01	21.90 ± 0.98	21.32±1.87	21.54 ± 1.01	69.25 ± 3.45	71.56 ± 4.89	++	+++
ZM18	239 ± 11.02	254 ± 8.51	19.31 ± 2.11	21.60 ± 0.54	20.80±0.09	21.62 ± 0.90	74.81 ± 7.00	82.54 ± 7.21	+++	+++
ZM26	207 ± 3.54	184 ± 4.00	21.31 ± 3.01	18.72 ± 1.54	19.80±0.90	20.18 ± 1.87	66.23 ± 4.50	74.90 ± 5.62	++	++++
ZM39	183 ± 6.62	248 ± 12.09	19.84 ± 1.84	28.43 ± 2.67	20.51±1.23	28.73 ± 2.93	69.74 ± 5.65	85.41 ± 6.43	++	+++
ZM44	237 ± 12.03	216 ± 11.17	17.22 ± 2.35	18.61 ± 2.01	21.38±2.32	22.61 ± 2.31	75.16 ± 4.45	77.80 ± 4.55	+++	+++
SS23	172 ± 8.34	163 ± 3.95	18.30 ± 1.02	19.24 ± 1.87	18.47±1.43	17.52 ± 1.95	52.35 ± 3.87	54.26 ± 3.54	+	+
SS212	192 ± 2.98	205 ± 8.61	16.45 ± 0.90	15.80 ± 1.03	17.66±1.09	16.35 ± 0.98	56.87 ± 2.54	53.67 ± 4.31	++	++
SS218	196 ± 5.27	185 ± 3.78	18.72 ± 1.21	17.90 ± 0.60	16.28±1.61	15.44 ± 1.31	59.39 ± 3.89	55.74 ± 4.00	+++	++
SS224	227 ± 9.56	213 ± 9.41	15.10 ± 2.01	14.70 ± 1.02	16.81±1.31	16.46 ± 1.23	69.73 ± 7.00	64.16 ± 3.43	++	++
TT24	162 ± 7.08	174 ± 7.34	16.81 ± 1.32	16.25 ± 0.89	15.72±0.90	15.90 ± 0.91	54.25 ± 3.71	52.72 ± 5.45	+++	++
TT211	186 ± 3.65	190 ± 12.03	18.73 ± 2.30	19.16 ± 1.32	18.33±2.01	18.18 ± 1.06	61.24 ± 4.57	58.90 ± 3.67	++	++
TT213	215 ± 6.76	206 ± 13.23	16.90 ± 0.89	15.43 ± 1.01	16.80±1.65	17.33 ± 0.08	57.36 ± 4.61	58.91 ± 3.76	+++	++
TT222	194 ± 4.87	187 ± 6.83	14.72 ± 0.08	13.51 ± 0.34	16.90±1.29	16.47 ± 1.01	61.80 ± 7.11	59.64 ± 2.98	+	+
Haw7	219 ± 10.16	236 ± 12.43	18.90 ± 1.01	21.70 ± 0.98	20.70±0.98	23.57 ± 2.21	74.25 ± 6.19	80.55 ± 6.98	+	+++
Haw14	201 ± 8.56	227 ± 14.01	17.54 ± 2.06	19.32 ± 1.05	21.72±2.04	25.90 ± 2.78	77.91 ± 4.76	82.42 ± 7.00	++	++++
Haw20	193 ± 4.76	204 ± 5.87	21.43 ± 1.90	23.90 ± 2.03	22.53±2.23	23.72 ± 2.04	80.92 ± 8.31	86.70 ± 6.39	++	++
Haw25	199 ± 6.68	202 ± 6.72	23.72 ± 2.31	25.80 ± 1.95	21.54±1.51	24.75 ± 1.65	76.26 ± 2.99	81.68 ± 4.57	+++	++
TT17	154 ± 5.38	135 ± 2.98	15.25 ± 0.06	14.13 ± 1.03	18.32±2.03	17.47 ± 2.00	54.34 ± 3.21	52.73 ± 2.93	++	++
TT110	142 ± 7.98	137 ± 5.61	18.20 ± 0.09	17.44 ± 2.01	20.52±1.94	19.15 ± 1.84	56.82 ± 4.23	58.47 ± 5.54	+	++
Cha15	218 ± 10.23	241 ± 12.32	20.51 ± 1.03	23.75 ± 2.21	22.71±2.98	24.66 ± 2.90	76.91 ± 5.32	82.74 ± 6.83	++	+++
Cha13	236 ± 13.04	242 ± 10.92	19.62 ± 2.03	21.32 ± 1.98	21.54±1.32	24.80 ± 2.43	69.46 ± 4.55	75.66 ± 6.00	+	+++
Cha21	202 ± 11.51	219 ± 3.98	18.60 ± 1.06	21.21 ± 2.00	24.13±2.04	26.90 ± 1.09	58.35 ± 2.99	65.24 ± 4.56	++	+++
Cha38	198 ± 6.80	207 ± 4.49	24.51 ± 2.40	25.70 ± 2.92	21.30±1.54	23.73 ± 1.02	68.44 ± 5.32	73.90 ± 6.43	++	++
Cha43	217 ± 5.62	269 ± 14.05	20.1 ± 1.21	28.60 ± 1.39	22.20±2.61	29.44 ± 2.13	69.71 ± 4.51	72.51 ± 4.43	+	++++
Cha41	183 ± 5.71	191 ± 10.11	19.35 ± 0.90	21.43 ± 0.09	24.72±2.47	25.46 ± 2.02	72.83 ± 5.68	94.32 ± 6.98	++	+++
Cha19	213 ± 9.81	227 ± 11.81	18.44 ± 2.03	20.16 ± 1.03	20.38±1.76	22.51 ± 1.99	65.15 ± 4.15	69.76 ± 7.21	+	++
Cha27	235 ± 4.87	248 ± 7.91	21.52 ± 1.98	23.71 ± 2.31	21.71±2.03	24.83 ± 2.01	60.73 ± 5.21	71.61 ± 5.29	++	++
Cha28	187 ± 8.31	201 ± 6.89	19.23 ± 0.39	20.62 ± 1.48	19.62±1.94	20.74 ± 0.98	78.91 ± 6.89	84.50 ± 5.81	++	+++
**LSD	25.83		5.65		4.94		17.83

*Value represent mean ± SEM; ** Least Significant Difference (LSD; p < 0.001) for mean comparison of strain-drought interaction effects.

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Table 3 Multiple plant growth promoting activities of the promising rhizobacterial strains, isolated from different rhizospheres of walnut trees, under control (0 MPa) and PEG₆₀₀₀-induced drought stress (− 1.5 MPa) treatment.

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