Figure 7

CUVARP diagram (Cumulative Variation Partitioning with Multiple Response and Predictor Matrices). All datasets are synthesized through selected PCoA axes scores of H—native species, A—alien invasives, E—environmental parameters, and S—space. No overlapping colored circles depict unexplained (residual) variation. The percentage of variation (explained and residual) from the total variation in all matrices is shown (the null value of AES overlap is not represented). Graphic alternatives are given in the Supplementary Information.