Figure 2 | Scientific Reports

Figure 2

From: A gold nanoparticle-protein G electrochemical affinity biosensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies: a surface modification approach

Figure 2

Schematic diagram of the affinity biosensor. Baculovirus purified S protein (antigen S) is immobilized in the gap between interdigitated electrodes. Serum antibodies to the S protein bind to the S protein. Gold nanoparticles conjugated with protein G (GNP-proteinG) bind to the antibodies, causing an impedance change. The zoomed-in area shows the silica gap between gold electrodes with surface modification details, the spike protein immobilization and the presence of blocking agents to improve impedance readings.

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