Table 1 Demographic and psychometric characteristics: (A) Demographic characteristics and the test statistics at baseline separate for BTX and ACU (total N = 45). (B) The scores of the ZAN-BPD, BSL-23 and H2A at baseline (T0) and at 4-week follow-up (T1) separate for BTX and ACU and their test statistics (total N = 45).

From: Neuronal effects of glabellar botulinum toxin injections using a valenced inhibition task in borderline personality disorder

(A)

Demographic variables

BTX group, n = 24

ACU group, n = 21

p-value

  

M ± SD or n (%)

M ± SD or n (%)

Age, in years

  
 

28.75 ± 5.93

26.62 ± 4.61

0.19a

  

Highest level of education

  

Primary school

0 (0.0)

2 (9.5)

   

Lower secondary school

2 (8.3)

2 (9.5)

   

Intermediate secondary school

8 (33.3)

10 (47.6)

   

Advanced secondary school

14 (58.3)

7 (33.3)

0.22b

  

Handedness, n (%)

  

Right

20 (83.3)

18 (85.7)

   

Left

4 (16.7)

3 (14.3)

1.00b

  

Comorbidity, n (%)

  

Yes

24 (100.0)

20 (95.2)

0.47b

  

Affective disorder

9 (37.5)

6 (28.6)

0.75b

  

Anxiety disorder or obsessive compulsive disorder

12 (50.0)

14 (66.7)

0.37b

  

Alcohol abuse

7 (29.2)

6 (28.6)

1.00b

  

Current psychotropic medication, n (%)

  

Yes

20 (83.3)

13 (61.9)

0.18b

  

(B)

Psychometric variables

BTX group, n = 24

ACU group, n = 21

p-value (group / time / group × time)

T0

M ± SD

T1

M ± SD

T0

M ± SD

T1

M ± SD

ZAN-BPD

16.04 ± 6.37

10.35 ± 4.75

15.76 ± 5.38

9.14 ± 5.10

0.59 / <0.001 / 0.62c

 Affect

6.13 ± 2.32

4.13 ± 2.36

5.90 ± 2.43

3.95 ± 2.60

0.73 / <0.001 / 0.96c

 Cognition

4.13 ± 2.07

2.74 ± 1.86

3.67 ± 2.46

2.48 ± 1.84

0.50 / <0.001 / 0.76c

 Impulsivity

2.70 ± 1.69

2.00 ± 1.73

2.14 ± 1.11

1.00 ± 1.00

0.04 / <0.001 / 0.33c

 Relationship

3.09 ± 2.19

1.48 ± 1.28

4.05 ± 1.50

1.71 ± 1.35

0.15 / <0.001 / 0.20c

BSL-23

2.16 ± 0.66

1.58 ± 0.91

2.36 ± 0.77

1.78 ± 0.89

0.35 / <0.001 / 0.99c

H2A

34.68 ± 14.31

25.00 ± 15.72

33.38 ± 12.88

28 ± 9.19

0.81 / <0.001 / 0.27c

  1. BTX incobotulinumtoxinA, ACU acupuncture, M mean, SD standard deviation, BTX incobotulinumtoxinA, ACU acupuncture, M mean, SD standard deviation, T0 baseline, T1 4-week follow-up, ZAN-BPD Zanarini Rating Scale for Borderline Personality Disorder, BSL-23 Borderline Symptom List—23, H2A Hamburg-Hannover Agitation Scale. astatistical analysis: t-test, bstatistical analysis: Fishers exact test, cstatistical analysis: repeated measures analysis of variance.