Figure 5
From: Characterization of extracellular vesicles from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum
Stimulation of immune cells by L. plantarum EVs. The production of cytokines from Raw264 cells (a,c) and IgA from PP cells (b) was indicated. Pam3CSK4 (b) and LPS (c) were used as positive controls. PBS (a–c) was used as the negative control. Means ± SD, n = 3. (a) Bars identified by the same letters are not significantly different from each other (P > 0.01) by the Tukey’s test. (a–c) the Dunnett’s test, **P < 0.01 compared with negative control.
