Table 4 Ethogram of captive panda at three zoos in India.
Behaviour | Description |
|---|---|
Active | |
Feeding | Feeding on bamboo leaves provided or supplementary diet |
Moving | Moving on the trees |
Climbing | Climbing up and down the trees and onto logs on the ground |
Walking | Walking on the ground with four legs |
Grooming | Cleaning their coat or body by licking |
Scratching | Scratching body by using paws |
Playing | Energetic activities with self, family member or engaging objects like tree logs or trunk, with no obvious immediate goal |
Watching | Watching with no obvious concern |
Vigilance | Continuous sensory tracking of the environment or events |
Defecating | Defecating or urinating |
Exploratory | Exploratory/territorial investigation of enclosure, can involve sniffing, digging, interaction with furnishings within the enclosure |
Aggression | Threatening or harmful behaviour towards conspecific or keeper |
Yawning | Hand stretches at right angles to body and mouth wide open |
Stretching | Body stretches with support of tree trunk or log |
Cleaning | Vigorous shaky movement of the body |
Smelling | Smelling around the tree log or enclosure area |
Scent marking | Smelling and rubbing anal gland either left to right or up and down at particular site in the enclosure or on trees |
Roll down | Rolling the body apparently playfully |
Vocalisation | Vocal call to conspecific or grunt call during aggression |
Sniffing | Sniffing around |
Stereotypy | |
Pacing | A repetitive locomotion between two fixed points |
Tongue flicking | Moving tongue in and out multiple times while resting or sitting idle |
Position circling | Standing and changing position by circling at the same place, making a complete circle or semi-circle |
Inactive | |
Sleeping | Sleeping gesture either curling the body or hand spread out |
Resting | Laying down at trees with no activity |
Sitting | Sitting idle |
