Table 2 Response of offspring growth and milk traits to mother age in published studies.

From: Effects of maternal age and offspring sex on milk yield, composition and calf growth of red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Source

Offspring growth

Fat %

Protein %

Carbohydrate %

Yield

Yield energy

Energy density

Age (yr)

Parity

Mother wt

Species

27

↑[3]↓

1–5

?

Bos taurus

28

↑[5]↕a

↑[5]↕

2–10

?

Bos taurus

22

b

Yes

Macaca mulatta

17

c

ns b

1–18

Yes

Macaca mulatta

29

d; ↑[4]↓ b

1–8

1–5

No

Bos taurus

30

ns b, c

ns b, c

ns b, c

No

Homo sapiens

31

↕[3]↓ e; ns f

2–≥ 6

No

Bos taurus

32

↑(7); ↓ h; ns i

2–≥ 6

No

Bos taurus

10

j

1–≥ 17

Yes

Cervus elaphus

33

ns

2—9

Yes

Cervus elaphus

This study

d; ↑ c

k

complex k

complex l

d

k

1–≥ 17

1–12

Yes

Cervus elaphus

  1. aOffspring weight at age 205 d; bPrimiparous vs. multiparous; cResponse to parity; dResponse to age; eSignificant for total protein and casein; fNon-significant for serum protein; gInmunoglobulin; hβ-lactoglobulin or α-lactalbumin; iNon-significant for bovine serum albumin; iGrowth rate; kInteraction mother age × lactation day; lInteraction mother age × lactation day × offspring sex.
  2. Type of response: decreasing (↓), increasing (↑), plateau (↕). The age (and/or parity value) at which the response reaches a maximum or plateau is displayed in square brackets. Complex responses are depicted by a combination of arrows and number of years in brackets, for example, ↑[5]↕ represents an increase with age plateauing at 5 years. Non-significant (ns).