Figure 2

Emission rates (mean + SE) of different VOC formation pathways (a, d, e) and individual compounds (b, c, f, g, h, i) from Brassica napus plants in 2013 and 2014 in relation to nitrogen fertilization before (white bars) and during pollen beetle infestation (black bars). SHI—shikimate pathway volatiles; GDP—geranyl diphosphate pathway volatiles; C7–C10—long-chained saturated aldehydes.