Figure 5

Sal B inhibits the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages to the M1 type by inhibiting NF-κB signalling pathway activation. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with Sal B (100, 150 or 200 μM) for 24 h, and (A,B) NF-κB p65 protein expression was analysed by western blotting. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with Sal B (100, 150 or 200 μM) for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) + IFN-γ (2.5 ng/mL) for 24 h, and (C,D) NF-κB p65 protein expression was analysed by western blotting. Sal B inhibits the polarization of RAW264.7 macrophages to the M1 type by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway to promote autophagy. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with Sal B (200 μM) for 1 h and then stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) + IFN-γ (2.5 ng/mL) + PMA (100 nm/mL) for 24 h. (E,F) iNOS (e) and Arg-1 (f) mRNA expression was measured by RT‒qPCR. G-I TNF-α (G), IL-6 (H) and IL-10 (i) secretion was evaluated by ELISA. J-L LC3-II (J,K) and p62 (J,L) protein expression was analysed by western blotting. The values are presented as the means ± SEMs. N = 3, p < 0.05 (*), p < 0.01 (**) or p < 0.001 (***).