Figure 5
From: State space methods for phase amplitude coupling analysis

Comparison of the modulation estimates using standard methods and our new dSSP method. Slow and fast oscillations were generated by filtering white noise around \(f_{\text {s}}\) = 1 Hz and \(f_{\text {s}}\) 10 Hz with \(\Delta f_{\text {s}}^{\text {gen}}\) = 3 Hz and normalized to standard deviation \(\sigma _{\text {s}}\) = 0.5 and \(\sigma _{\text {f}}\) = 2. The time scale over which \(K^{\text {mod}}\) and \(\phi ^{\text {mod}}\) changed varied between 20–5 and 2 min. See Fig. S5 for typical signal traces.