Figure 11

Arrhenius peak fitting using ln(\({\sigma }_{dc}\)) vs. 1/T graphs at fixed frequency of RE-substituted BaBi_4−xRE_xTi₄O₁₅ (x = 0.10, RE = La, Pr, Nd, and Sm) ceramics: (a) pure \(\mathrm{BBTO}\), (b) BBTO-La, (c) BBTO-Pr, (d) BBTO-Nd, and (e) BBTO-Sm ceramics, respectively.