Table 3 Longitudinal association between lipid profiles and incidence of moderate/severe VMSs among premenopausal women free of VMSs at baseline (n = 2,540)*.

From: High low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level is associated with an increased risk of incident early-onset vasomotor symptoms

Lipid profiles

Person-years (PY)

Onset of severe VMSs

Incidence rate (cases per 100 PY)

Age-adjusted HR (95% CI)

Multivariable-adjusted*

HR (95% CI)

Total cholesterol (mg/dL)

 < 200

7,426.32

342

4.6

Reference

Reference

200– < 240

3,535.44

183

5.2

1.12 (0.94–1.34)

1.06 (0.88–1.27)

 ≥ 240

781.69

44

5.6

1.13 (0.82–1.54)

1.08 (0.78–1.48)

P for trend

   

0.212

0.508

LDL-C (mg/dL)

 < 100

3239.99

121

3.7

Reference

Reference

100– < 130

4,791.83

246

5.1

1.37 (1.10–1.70)

1.35 (1.08–1.67)

 ≥ 130

3,711.63

202

5.4

1.46 (1.16–1.83)

1.37 (1.08–1.73)

P for trend

   

0.002

0.013

HDL-C (mg/dL)

 < 50 (abnormal)

1,436.57

82

5.7

1.06 (0.83–1.35)

0.97 (0.75–1.26)

50– < 60

2,555.09

129

5.0

1.02 (0.84–1.25)

0.98 (0.80–1.21)

 ≥ .2

7751.79

358

4.6

Reference

Reference

P for trend

   

0.616

0.793

Non-HDL (mg/dL)

 < 130

7089.24

320

4.5

Reference

Reference

130– < 160

3187.54

163

5.1

1.07 (0.88–1.29)

1.00 (0.82–1.22)

 ≥ 160

1466.67

86

5.9

1.21 (0.95–1.54)

1.12 (0.87–1.43)

P for trend

   

0.120

0.472

Triglycerides (mg/dL)

 < 100

9008.44

415

4.6

Reference

Reference

100– < 150

2032.70

110

5.4

1.15 (0.93–1.41)

1.05 (0.84–1.31)

 ≥ 150

702.31

44

6.3

1.27 (0.93–1.73)

1.07 (0.76–1.50)

P for trend

   

0.069

0.608

  1. Abbreviations: VMSs, vasomotor symptoms; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein.
  2. *The multivariable model was adjusted for age, body mass index, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diabetes, educational level, parity, physical activity, smoking status, and alcohol intake.
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