Table 1 Clinical and demographic data of patients (Mean (P25–P75)).
Training set (n = 362) | Test set (n = 156) | Total population (n = 518) | |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 60.2 (50–71) | 61.7 (52–72) | 60.6 (51–71) |
Male | 224 (61.9%) | 104 (66.7%) | 328 (63.3%) |
Height (cm) | 167.6 (158–170) | 164.2 (158–170) | 166.6 (158–170) |
Weight (kg) | 68.8 (55.6–72.2) | 65.4 (57.0–77.0) | 67.8 (55.9–73.0) |
Body surface area (m2) | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) | 1.7 (1.6–1.9) | 1.7 (1.6–1.8) |
BMI | 25.4 (21.3–26.6) | 24.2 (21.8–26.3) | 25.0 (21.5–26.5) |
SBP (mmHg) | 142.2 (126.0–157.0) | 147.3 (128.3–164.0) | 143.7 (127.0–158.3) |
DBP (mmHg) | 80.2 (70.0–88.3) | 79.2 (68.0–89.0) | 79.9 (69.0–89.0) |
Smoking | 68 (18.8%) | 32 (20.5%) | 100 (19.3%) |
Drinking | 46 (12.7%) | 26 (16.7%) | 72 (13.9%) |
Unilateral nephrectomy | 6 (1.7%) | 8 (5.1%) | 14 (2.7%) |
Hypertension | |||
Grade 1 | 75 (20.7%) | 24 (15.4%) | 99 (19.1%) |
Grade 2 | 69 (19.1%) | 36 (23.1%) | 105 (20.3%) |
Grade 3 | 160 (44.2%) | 82 (52.6%) | 242 (46.7%) |
Diabetes | 104 (28.7%) | 60 (38.5%) | 164 (31.7%) |
Cardiovascular disease | 43 (11.9%) | 28 (18.0%) | 71 (13.7%) |
Cerebral hemorrhage | 3 (0.8%) | 2 (1.3%) | 5 (1.0%) |
Cerebral infarction | 28 (7.7%) | 9 (5.8%) | 37 (7.1%) |
Hyperuricemia | 67 (18.5%) | 28 (18.0%) | 95 (18.3%) |
Gout | 45 (12.4%) | 21 (13.5%) | 66 (12.7%) |
Edema | 130 (35.9%) | 68 (43.6%) | 198 (38.2%) |
Renal pathology | |||
MCD | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.2%) |
IgAN | 30 (8.3%) | 7 (4.5%) | 37 (7.1%) |
MsPGN | 13 (3.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | 14 (2.7%) |
MPGN | 1 (0.3%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.2%) |
MN | 5 (1.4%) | 1 (0.6%) | 6 (1.2%) |
FSGS | 2 (0.6%) | 1 (0.6%) | 3 (0.6%) |
Hypertensive kidney lnjury | 10 (2.8%) | 6 (3.9%) | 16 (3.1%) |
Diabetic nephropathy | 44 (12.2%) | 30 (19.2%) | 74 (14.3%) |
HSP | 2 (0.6%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (0.4%) |
Lupus nephritis | 3 (0.8%) | 2 (1.3%) | 5 (1.0%) |
Hyperuricemic nephropathy | 13 (3.6%) | 6 (3.9%) | 19 (3.7%) |
Polycystic kidney | 4 (1.1%) | 0 (0%) | 4 (0.8%) |
Without renal biopsy | 234 (64.6%) | 102 (65.4%) | 336 (64.9%) |
Glucocorticoid | 30 (8.3%) | 14 (9.0%) | 44 (8.5%) |
Immunosuppressor | 47 (13.0%) | 14 (9.0%) | 61 (11.8%) |
Diuretic | 136 (37.6%) | 66 (42.3%) | 202 (39.0%) |
Uric acid lowering therapy | 212 (58.6%) | 83 (53.2%) | 295 (57.0%) |
SGLT2i | 3 (0.8%) | 6 (3.9%) | 9 (1.7%) |
RASi | 117 (32.3%) | 45 (28.9%) | 162 (31.3%) |
Statin | 132 (36.5%) | 58 (37.2%) | 190 (36.7%) |
Calcium dobesilate | 32 (8.8%) | 10 (6.4%) | 42 (8.1%) |
White blood cell (× 109) | 6.0 (4.5–7.0) | 6.28 (4.9–7.2) | 6.1 (4.7–7.0) |
Red blood cell (× 109) | 4.3 (2.9–3.9) | 5.4 (2.8–3.8) | 4.6 (2.9–3.9) |
Hemoglobin (g/L) | 102.3 (87.0–118.0) | 98.6 (82.0–113.8) | 101.2 (86.0–116.0) |
Platelet (× 109) | 185.4 (141.0–221.0) | 188.1 (140.5–225.5) | 186.2 (141.0–222.3) |
C-Reactive protein (mg/L) | 9.0 (1.0–4.9) | 7.7 (1.0–5.0) | 8.6 (1.0–4.9) |
AG (mmol/L) | 8.4 (4.1–12.4) | 9.4 (6.1–13.0) | 8.7 (4.6–12.6) |
Lactic acid (mmol/L) | 1.3 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (0.9–1.5) | 1.3 (0.9–1.5) |
Osmotic pressure (mosm/L) | 283.2 (280.0 -289.0) | 283 (280.6–290.4) | 283.2 (280.1–289.6) |
FPG (mmol/L) | 5.1 (4.2–5.3) | 5.2 (4.3–5.6) | 5.2 (4.2–5.4) |
Glycated hemoglobin (%) | 6.0 (5.3–6.3) | 6.0 (5.3–6.5) | 6.0 (5.3–6.3) |
Serum potassium (mmol/L) | 7.4 (3.9–4.6) | 4.3 (3.9–4.6) | 6.5 (3.9–4.6) |
Serum sodium (mmol/L) | 141.0 (139.4–142.5) | 140.4 (139.9–143.0) | 140.8 (139.5–142.7) |
Serum calcium (mmol/L) | 3.1 (2.1–2.3) | 2.2 (2.1–2.3) | 2.8 (2.1–2.3) |
Serum phosphate (mmol/L) | 2.4 (1.1–1.6) | 1.5 (1.2–1.6) | 2.1 (1.1–1.6) |
Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.8 (1.1–2.1) | 3.6 (1.1–2.2) | 2.4 (1.1–2.1) |
Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.5 (3.6–5.2) | 4.4 (3.5–5.1) | 4.5 (3.5–5.2) |
High-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) |
Llow-density lipoprotein (mmol/L) | 2.3 (1.7–2.9) | 2.3 (1.6–2.8) | 2.3 (1.7–2.8) |
Total serum protein (g/L) | 62.5 (57.4–67.4) | 62.3 (57.8–67.1) | 62.4 (57.6–67.3) |
Aalbumin (g/L) | 35.1 (32.0–38.9) | 35.0 (31.9–39.1) | 35.1 (32.0–38.9) |
Globulin (g/L) | 27.4 (24.0–30.5) | 27.2 (23.7–29.6) | 27.3 (24.0–30.1) |
Prealbumin (mg/L) | 287.4 (241.0–336.0) | 285.3 (235.5–342.0) | 286.8 (237.8–336.3) |
Homocysteine (μmol/L) | 26.7 (15.9–28.3) | 27.0 (16.3–29.7) | 26.8 (16.0–29.1) |
PRO | |||
− | 76 (21.0%) | 28 (18.0%) | 104 (20.1%) |
± | 33 (9.1%) | 20 (12.8%) | 53 (10.2%) |
+ | 80 (22.1%) | 32 (20.5%) | 112 (21.6%) |
++ | 122 (33.7%) | 48 (30.8%) | 170 (32.8%) |
+++ | 51 (14.1%) | 28 (18.0%) | 79 (15.3%) |
Urine α1 microglobulin (mg/L) | 42.4 (16.3–63.3) | 59.6 (22.3–70.8) | 47.6 (18.0–64.1) |
Urine β2 microglobulin (μg/L) | 8891.3 (183.6–10,928.0) | 6720.6 (111.7–7788.1) | 8237.6 (172.9–10,512.7) |
Microalbuminuria (mg/L) | 875.2 (74.6–1248.6) | 962.9 (61.0 -1378.3) | 901.6 (73.1–1303.8) |
Urine NAG-enzyme (u/L) | 12.4 (6.5–14.2) | 11.6 (6.7–14.3) | 12.1 (6.6–14.2) |
Urinary albumin creatinine ratio (mg/umol) | 0.2 (0.01–0.23) | 0.2 (0.01–0.29) | 0.2 (0.01–0.25) |
24-hour urine volume (L) | 6.3 (1.2–2.1) | 1.7 (1.2–2.1) | 4.9 (1.2–2.1) |
24-hour urinary protein quantity (mg) | 1818.9 (221.0–2665.0) | 2020.4 (231.0–2975.0) | 1879.0 (224.0–2781.9) |
B-type natriuretic peptide (ng/L) | 195.0 (19.0–132.1) | 193.7 (27.9–179.4) | 194.6 (20.4–148.2) |
Free triiodothyronine (pmol/L) | 4.5 (3.0–4.0) | 3.3 (2.9–3.8) | 4.1 (3.0 -3.9) |
Free thyroxine (pmol/L) | 12.6 (11.6–14.1) | 12.1 (11.0–13.9) | 12.4 (11.4–14.1) |
Thyroid stimulating hormone (mIU/L) | 5.3 (1.1–2.7) | 3.7 (1.0 -2.5) | 4.8 (1.0–2.7) |
Parathyroid hormone (μg/mL) | 89.1 (11.4–136.1) | 99.9 (13.5–142.2) | 92.3 (12.1–137.3) |
Ferroprotein (ng/mL) | 226.2 (85.1–279.0) | 255.0 (98.7–323.2) | 235.0 (89.6–292.8) |
Uric acid (umol/L) | 437.9 (347.8–518.3) | 453.2 (363.8–532.5) | 442.5 (349.0–525.0) |
Serum creatinine (umol/L) | 312.5 (146.5–424.8) | 371.2 (174.3–493.5) | 330.2 (150.8–451.0) |
Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 17.1 (9.0–21.5) | 18.1 (9.5–22.8) | 17.4 (9.1–21.9) |
Cystatin C (mg/L) | 5.6 (2.0–3.6) | 4.1 (2.0–3.7) | 5.6 (2.0–3.7) |
Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min) | 28.3 (15.3–38.0) | 26.3 (14.8–34.0) | 27.7 (15.2–36.8) |
