Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Nucleation and manipulation of single skyrmions using spin-polarized currents in antiferromagnetic skyrmion-based racetrack memories

Figure 3

(a) Snapshots of the nucleation steps of isolated AFM skyrmion using a vertically injected spin-polarized current (STT) perpendicular-to-plane (CPP) of the 2D AFM layer in a circular region (yellow circular). (b) The time evolution of topological charge QA and QB during the nucleation. (c,d) Snapshots of isolated AFM and FM skyrmions after the nucleation time.

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