Table 2 Variable changes before COVID-19 pandemic and at the first and second visit of the patients.

From: Longitudinal behavioral changes and factors related to reinforced risk aversion behavior among patients with chronic kidney disease during the COVID-19 pandemic

Variable changes

Before first visit

First visit

Second visit

p-value*

p-value†

p-value‡

Public transport use (numbers/week)

1.85 ± 2.82

1.33 ± 2.49

1.47 ± 2.79

 < 0.001

0.005

0.499

Private vehicle use (hours/day)

1.08 ± 2.07

1.08 ± 2.03

1.03 ± 2.12

0.842

0.216

0.103

Public place visit (numbers/week)

2.31 ± 2.79

1.14 ± 2.31

1.30 ± 2.42

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.320

Staying at home (hours/day)

12.08 ± 5.80

13.73 ± 5.80

13.22 ± 6.01

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.287

Handwashing (times/day)

3.36 ± 3.55

5.98 ± 5.04

5.33 ± 3.98

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Showering (times/day)

1.09 ± 0.68

1.30 ± 0.77

0.97 ± 0.59

 < 0.001

0.010

 < 0.001

Face mask use (times/week)

0.92 ± 2.09

6.26 ± 1.69

6.33 ± 1.75

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

0.596

Hand sanitizer use (numbers/week)

1.40 ± 5.15

8.63 ± 9.72

7.20 ± 10.03

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

 < 0.001

Clothes used before laundry (numbers)

1.95 ± 1.11

2.04 ± 1.43

2.06 ± 2.07

0.442

0.765

0.586

Laundry (times/week)

3.23 ± 2.11

3.60 ± 2.14

3.41 ± 2.19

 < 0.001

0.115

0.200

Home cleaning (times/week)

4.51 ± 2.50

4.98 ± 2.64

4.94 ± 3.27

 < 0.001

0.063

0.447

Exercise frequency grade

2.68 ± 2.75

2.52 ± 2.67

2.29 ± 2.71

0.069

0.011

0.106

Regular exercise (%)

 

55.6

57.8

  

0.594

Creatinine, mg/dL

 

1.79 ± 0.65

1.83 ± 0.73

  

0.006

eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2

 

43.35 ± 20.47

43.03 ± 21.20

  

0.380

uPCR, g/g

 

0.81 ± 1.27

0.93 ± 1.49

  

0.013

  1. GFR, glomerular filtration rate; uPCR, urine protein-to-creatinine ratio.
  2. *Comparison of data before the first visit with data from the first visit.
  3. †Comparison of data from the second visit with data from before the first visit.
  4. ‡Comparison of data from the second visit with data from the first visit.
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