Figure 3

(a) Geographic distribution of 16 cpDNA haplotypes throughout common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) distribution range. The proportion of colours in each pie corresponds to detected haplotype frequencies in the population. The haplotype colour code is on the right. The satellite imagery was obtained from Natural Earth public domain map dataset (https://www.naturalearthdata.com/downloads/10m-raster-data/10m-gray-earth/). CorelDraw Graphics Suite X7 Version 17.1.0.572 (Corel Corp., Ottawa, Canada) was used to create the figure. (b) Median-joining haplotype network. Each filled circle indicates a unique haplotype, and black dots represent mutational steps (i.e., missing haplotypes). Two ancestral haplotypes are presented as empty bold circles in the middle of the network. The diameter of circles is proportional to the observed overall frequency of the haplotype, with a corresponding scale in the lower right corner. Dashed lines indicate four haplotype groups: the red line the largest group distributed throughout the Balkans and the Central Apennines, the green line one from the Southern Apennines, and light blue and dark blue lines indicate two highly differentiated lineages from the Balkans.