Table 4 Top 20 predictors of progression-free survival identified by the gradient-boosted Cox proportional hazard model and SHAP values.

From: Machine learning models for identifying predictors of clinical outcomes with first-line immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer

Gradient-boosted Cox proportional hazard model

SHAP

PD-L1 percentage38

PD-L1 percentage38

Body weight slope38

Chloride mean41

Lymphocyte count (fractionated) mean38

Albumin serum mean39

ECOG performance status38

ECOG performance status38

Albumin serum mean39

Metastasis site: bone/bone marrow

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mean39

Lymphocyte count (fractionated) mean38

Chloride mean41

Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) mean39

Metastasis site: bone/bone marrow

Body weight slope38

Neutrophil per lymphocypte38

Neutrophil per lymphocypte38

Number of medication order

Number of medication order

Urea nitrogen mean

Cough suppressants, excluding combinations with expectorants

Cough suppressants, excluding combinations with expectorants

ICI and chemotherapy42,43,44

Hematocrit mean41

Urea nitrogen mean

Lymphocyte count (fractionated) slope38

Total bilirubin serum mean

Protein total serum mean

Lymphocyte count (fractionated) slope38

Lymphocyte count (fractionated) standard deviation

Hematocrit mean41

Body weight standard deviation38

Protein total serum mean

Total bilirubin serum mean

Metastasis site: liver/bile duct

ICI and chemotherapy42,43,44

Glucose mean

Albumin serum slope

Opioids

  1. SHAP indicates directionality of the importance (bold: higher values indicative of better progression-free survival; italics: lower values indicative of better progression-free survival).
  2. ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; PD-L1, programmed cell death-ligand 1; SHAP, SHapley Additive exPlanation.
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