Figure 3

(A) Morphological observation of MC3T3-E1 cells under an optical microscope after two days of electrical stimulation (×100), scale bars 200 µm. (B) Cell counts in the positive electrode, negative electrode, and control groups after DC stimulation for 24 and 48 h. (C) Apoptosis of cells near the positive and negative electrodes in the control and electrical stimulation groups at 24 and 48 h.