Figure 2
From: Glycosphingolipid GM3 prevents albuminuria and podocytopathy induced by anti-nephrin antibody
Preventive effect of podocytopathy by GM3 via administration of VPA in anti-nephrin antibody-induced podocytopathy mice. (A) Schedule for podocytopathy prevention test using VPA. (B) Line graph showing urine albumin to creatinine, (C) urea nitrogen (BUN), (D) serum albumin. Vehicle (Control), VPA administered mice (VPA), 1.5 mg of anti-nephrin antibody (anti-Nphs Ab)-induced podocytopathy (Ab-PDCP), and VPA + 1.5 mg of anti-Nphs Ab-induced podocytopathy (VPA + Ab-PDCP) mice are shown as a solid line with diamond, a solid line with triangle, dashed line with circle and dotted line with square, respectively. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 vs. control. (E) p57 (podocyte marker, brown) and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of glomeruli. Arrowhead showing glomerulosclerosis. Scale bars: 20 µm. (F) Scatter diagram showing p57 + cells/tuft, (G) glomerulosclerosis score, and (H) glomerular size, respectively. Twenty glomeruli per mouse were analyzed in each dot. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 vs. control, ##P < 0.01 vs. Ab-PDCP. (I) Immunofluorescence staining images of glomeruli. Scale bars: 20 µm. Nephrin (green) and GM3 (red) merged areas (yellow) highlighted in enlarged images. (J) Scatter diagram showing nephrin fluorescence area/tuft area, (K) GM3 and nephrin merged fluorescence area/tuft area. **P < 0.01 vs. control, ##P < 0.01 vs. Ab-PDCP. (L) Images of podocyte foot processes by transmission electron microscopy. Yellow arrowhead showing area of foot process effacement. Scale bars: 10 µm. (M) Scatter diagram showing quantification of foot process effacement. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01 vs. control, #P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01 vs. Ab-PDCP, $P < 0.05 vs. VPA. Statistical analyses were performed from mice (n = 6) in each group.
