Table 2 Weighteda cycle-specific means, mean of within-individual differences (Δ) and standardized mean changes (SMD) for GAD-7 scores from cycle 23 to 24, Nicotine Dependence in Teens study, Québec, Canada 2017–2021, n = 673.
Characteristics | Cycle specific | Within-individual differences from cycle 23 to 24 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean cycle 23 (95% CI) | Mean cycle 24 (95% CI) | Mean Δb (95% CI) | SMDc (95% CI) | |
All | 4.7 (4.3, 5.0) | 5.8 (5.5, 6.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) | 0.24 (0.13, 0.34) |
History of a mood/anxiety disorder diagnosis | − 0.31 (− 0.58, − 0.05) | |||
No | 3.7 (3.3, 4.1) | 5.2 (4.8, 5.6) | 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) | |
Yes | 7.4 (6.7, 8.1) | 7.5 (6.8, 8.2) | 0.1 (− 0.6, 0.8) | |
Sex | 0.03 (− 0.16, 0.22) | |||
Male | 3.6 (3.0, 4.1) | 4.7 (4.1, 5.2) | 1.1 (0.5, 1.7) | |
Female | 5.4 (4.9, 5.8) | 6.6 (6.1, 7.0) | 1.2 (0.7, 1.7) | |
Ancestry | 0.11 (− 0.12, 0.37) | |||
European | 4.6 (4.2, 5.1) | 5.7 (5.3, 6.1) | 1.0 (0.6, 1.5) | |
Other | 4.8 (4.1, 5.6) | 6.4 (5.6, 7.1) | 1.6 (0.8, 2.3) | |
Born in Canada | 0.13 (− 0.24, 0.50) | |||
No | 4.5 (3.1, 6.0) | 5.1 (3.7, 6.5) | 0.6 (− 0.9, 2.1) | |
Yes | 4.7 (4.3, 5.0) | 5.9 (5.5, 6.2) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | |
Lives in urban/suburban setting | 0.13 (− 0.16, 0.48) | |||
No | 4.6 (3.8, 5.5) | 5.3 (4.4, 6.1) | 0.6 (− 0.2, 1.5) | |
Yes | 4.7 (4.3, 5.1) | 5.9 (5.5, 6.3) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | |
Lives alone | 0.04 (− 0.22, 0.29) | |||
No | 4.6 (4.2, 5.0) | 5.7 (5.3, 6.1) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) | |
Yes | 5.1 (4.2, 6.0) | 6.4 (5.5, 7.3) | 1.3 (0.4, 2.2) | |
Lives with children | 0.03 (− 0.17, 0.23) | |||
No | 4.8 (4.3, 5.3) | 5.9 (5.4, 6.4) | 1.1 (0.6, 1.6) | |
Yes | 4.4 (3.9, 5.0) | 5.6 (5.1, 6.2) | 1.2 (0.6, 1.8) | |
Single parent in a household with children | − 0.29 (− 1.02, 0.39) | |||
No | 4.3 (3.7, 4.9) | 5.6 (5.1, 6.1) | 1.3 (0.7, 1.9) | |
Yes | 6.3 (4.3, 8.2) | 6.2 (4.4, 8.0) | 0.0 (− 2.0, 2.0) | |
Age of children in households with children | − 0.56 (− 1.23, − 0.05) | |||
≥ 1 child age ≤ 5 years | 4.1 (3.4, 4.7) | 5.6 (5.0, 6.1) | 1.5 (0.9, 2.1) | |
Children all age > 5 years | 7.5 (5.9, 9.1) | 6.4 (4.8, 7.9) | − 1.1 (− 2.8, 0.5) | |
Highest education | − 0.37 (− 1.31, 0.08) | |||
More than high school | 4.6 (4.2, 5.0) | 5.8 (5.4, 6.1) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.5) | |
High school | 6.9 (5.0, 8.9) | 6.4 (4.5, 8.2) | − 0.5 (− 2.5, 1.4) | |
Unemployed | − 0.06 (− 0.43, 0.23) | |||
No | 4.4 (4.0, 4.8) | 5.6 (5.2, 6.0) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | |
Yes | 5.9 (5.0, 6.8) | 6.8 (5.9, 7.7) | 0.9 (0.0, 1.8) | |
Household income | 0.24 (0.02, 0.48) | |||
< $50,000 | 5.7 (5.0, 6.5) | 6.0 (5.3, 6.8) | 0.3 (− 0.5, 1.0) | |
≥ $50,000 | 4.3 (3.9, 4.8) | 5.7 (5.3, 6.1) | 1.4 (1.0, 1.8) | |
Work-at-home status during COVID-19 among employed | − 0.23 (− 0.44, 0.00) | |||
Works at home | 4.8 (4.2, 5.4) | 6.6 (6.0, 7.2) | 1.8 (1.2, 2.4) | |
Works outside home/mixed | 4.2 (3.7, 4.6) | 5.0 (4.5, 5.5) | 0.8 (0.4, 1.3) | |
Self-reported adherence to public health recommendations | 0.58 (0.19, 1.03) | |||
Low | 7.4 (6.4, 8.3) | 6.2 (5.2, 7.1) | − 1.2 (− 2.2, − 0.2) | |
High | 4.3 (3.9, 4.6) | 5.7 (5.4, 6.1) | 1.5 (1.1, 1.9) | |
Worried about being unemployed | − 0.01 (− 0.30, 0.26) | |||
No | 4.3 (3.9, 4.7) | 5.4 (5.1, 5.8) | 1.1 (0.8, 1.5) | |
Yes | 7.0 (6.0, 7.9) | 8.0 (7.1, 8.9) | 1.1 (0.1, 2.1) | |
Worried about not being able to pay bills | − 0.05 (− 0.35, 0.24) | |||
No | 4.3 (3.9, 4.6) | 5.4 (5.0, 5.8) | 1.2 (0.8, 1.6) | |
Yes | 7.1 (6.2, 8.1) | 8.1 (7.3, 9.0) | 0.9 (0.0, 1.9) | |
Worried about not being able to visit people who depend on you | 0.03 (− 0.27, 0.30) | |||
No | 4.1 (3.7, 4.5) | 5.2 (4.8, 5.6) | 1.1 (0.7, 1.5) | |
Yes | 6.6 (5.8, 7.3) | 7.8 (7.1, 8.5) | 1.2 (0.5, 2.0) | |
