Table 1 Clinical characteristics of PLWH with positive and negative IGRA results.

From: Care cascade of tuberculosis infection treatment for people living with HIV in the era of antiretroviral therapy scale-up

 

Positive IGRA results (n = 420)

Negative IGRA results (n = 7493)

P value

Age, median (IQR), years

43 (35–51)

38 (31–45)

 < 0.001

Male sex, n (%)

388 (92.4)

7209 (96.2)

 < 0.001

Risk group for HIV transmission, n (%)

 Men who have sex with men

256 (61.0)

6036 (80.6)

 < 0.001

 Heterosexuals

49 (11.7)

493 (6.6)

 < 0.001

 Illicit drug users

105 (25.0)

810 (10.8)

 < 0.001

 Others or unknown

10 (2.4)

154 (2.1)

0.648

History of incarceration, n (%)

38 (9.1)

432 (5.8)

0.006

Comorbidity, n (%)

 HBsAg positivity

47 (11.2)

730 (9.7)

0.332

 Anti-HCV positivity

119 (28.3)

1210 (16.2)

 < 0.001

 Cardiovascular disease

26 (6.2)

462 (6.2)

0.984

 Cerebrovascular disease

1 (0.2)

8 (0.1)

0.437

 Diabetes mellitus

16 (3.8)

228 (3.0)

0.376

 Chronic kidney diseasea

2 (0.5)

27 (0.4)

0.702

 Undergoing dialysis

0 (0)

5 (0.1)

0.596

 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma

1 (0.2)

16 (0.2)

0.916

 Malignancy

2 (0.5)

13 (0.2)

0.165

 Autoimmune disease

0 (0)

9 (0.1)

0.477

 Receiving immunosuppressive therapyb

2 (0.5)

9 (0.1)

0.057

CD4 count at screening, median (IQR), cells/mm3

639 (482–831)

615 (453–802)

0.022

PVL at screening, median (range), log10 copies/mL

UD (UD-6.06)c

UD (UD-6.88)

0.161

  1. HBsAg Hepatitis B surface antigen, HCV Hepatitis C virus, IGRA Interferon-gamma release assay, IQR Interquartile range, TBI Tuberculosis infection, PLWH People living with HIV, PVL Plasma HIV RNA load, UD Undetectable.
  2. aChronic kidney disease was defined as reduced glomerular filtration rate or kidney damage (< 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 of body-surface area) for more than 3 months.
  3. bImmunosuppresive therapy included chemotherapy, corticosteroids, and biologic agents.
  4. cUD, < 50 copies/mL.
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