Figure 5 | Scientific Reports

Figure 5

From: Transcranial ultrasound neuromodulation of the thalamic visual pathway in a large animal model and the dose-response relationship with MR-ARFI

Figure 5

Effect of LGN TUS on Non-phase-locked and Phase-locked visual evoked cortical oscillations and EEG spectra of phantom experiments. Average (N = 5) EEG power spectra for Total Power, NPL Power, and PL Power (Columns) for two experimental conditions (Rows) (A) Light-only and (B) Light and TUS simultaneously; and (C) phantom experiments. Comparing Panel A with B shows the application of TUS at the LGN induces oscillations in the occipital cortex for the upper beta and gamma-band frequencies at approximately 90 and 280 ms post-stimulus. There is also a light PL activation in lower frequencies spread across theta and alpha bands. (C) The phantom was sonicated with 300 ms bursts at 1 Hz, while recording electrical activity (N = 5). The time domain signal plotted on top of the spectrum (black line); the gray bar shows 300 ms TUS duration. The frequency regions that differ significantly are shown in Fig. 6.

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