Table 1 Daily and average level associations between air pollutants NO2 and CO predicting adolescents′ fatigue and distress, using three level hierarchical linear regression models that nested days within years within individuals. Weekday was coded 1 = weekday 2 = not a weekday.

From: A 28-day, 2-year study reveals that adolescents are more fatigued and distressed on days with greater NO2 and CO air pollution

 

Daily Fatigue

Daily Emotional Distress

NO2 → Fatigue

CO → Fatigue

NO2 → Distress

CO → Distress

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

B

(SE)

(SE)

(SE)

(SE)

(SE)

(SE)

(SE)

(SE)

Weekday

0.056a

0.053a

0.073a

0.073a

0.071a

0.071a

0.076a

0.077a

(0.015)

(0.015)

(0.015)

(0.015)

(0.011)

(0.011)

(0.010)

(0.010)

Person Mean-Centered Daily Pollutant level

0.004a

0.004a

0.006

0.006

0.001c

0.001c

0.004

0.004

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.003)

(0.003)

(0.001)

(0.001)

(0.002)

(0.002)

Person Average Pollutant Level

0.009c

0.007

0.021c

0.014

0.004

0.003

0.012

0.007

(0.004)

(0.004)

(0.010)

(0.009)

(0.004)

(0.003)

(0.008)

(0.008)

Physical Symptoms Each Year

 

0.231a

 

0.231a

 

0.164a

 

0.163a

(0.023)

(0.023)

(0.020)

(0.020)

Daily Pollutant level × Physical Symptoms

 

0.003a

 

0.009b

 

0.002b

 

0.006b

(0.001)

(0.003)

(0.001)

(0.002)

Constant

1.444a

1.515a

1.563a

1.608a

1.340a

1.388a

1.390a

1.421a

(0.127)

(0.115)

(0.070)

(0.064)

(0.108)

(0.101)

(0.059)

(0.055)

  1. Standard errors in parentheses. ap < 0.001, bp < 0.01, cp < 0.05. Significant associations are also bolded.