Figure 1
From: Giant clam (Tridacna) distribution in the Gulf of Oman in relation to past and future climate
Giant clam biogeography and study area. (a) Present-day geographical distribution of the Tridacninae (green area) and Tridacna maxima (dashed green line) in the Indo-West Pacific region5 (AS Arabian Sea, GO Gulf of Oman, PG Persian Gulf). (b) Detailed map indicating last interglacial (red dots) and last glacial (blue dot) Tridacna occurrences in the Persian Gulf (1: Kish Island22, 2: Abu Dhabi7) and Gulf of Oman, and recent coral biogeographic provinces of the western Indian Ocean (WIO Western Indian Ocean Province, SAS Somali-Arabian Seas Province, WSI West and South India Province)8. Seasonal wind directions are shown by red (SWM, summer) and blue (NEM, winter) large arrows. The surface circulation in the Arabian Sea is indicated by thin arrows (RAHD Ras al Hadd oceanic dipole). Seasonally reversing currents are marked by red (SWM) and blue (NEM) arrowheads. Coastal upwelling zones during the SWM season are highlighted by purple hatching. White dots indicate the locations of SWM multi-proxy stacks (OR Owen Ridge48, LMR Little Murray Ridge49). (c) Bathymetric and topographic map of northeastern Oman (GEBCO 2020 bathymetric data, https://www.gebco.net) showing the locations of fossil Tridacna sites considered in this study (blue dots), the measurement location (red cross) of recent SST data (Supplementary Fig. S3), and the location of the fluvio-lacustrine record of MIS3 precipitation pattern from Wadi Mistal29 (black dot). The maps were created using the CoralDraw Graphics Suite 2017 (https://www.coreldraw.com) and QGIS 2.18.15 (https://www.qgis.org) software.
