Table 1 Baseline characteristics in men and women by pulmonary function.
Men (n = 3902) | Women (n = 5039) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Normal (n = 2687) | Restrictive (n = 460) | Obstructive (n = 755) | P | Normal (n = 4282) | Restrictive (n = 469) | Obstructive (n = 288) | P | |
Demographic variables | ||||||||
Age, years | 44.2 (0.3) | 53.0 (0.8) | 62.6 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 48.6 (0.3) | 58.2 (1.1) | 65.6 (1.0) | < 0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.5 (0.1) | 25.3 (0.2) | 23.5 (0.1) | < 0.001 | 24.0 (0.1) | 24.4 (0.2) | 23.5 (0.3) | 0.631 |
Health-related behavior | ||||||||
Smoking | ||||||||
Never-smoker | 1378 (51.3) | 268 (58.3) | 556 (73.6) | < 0.001 | 2550 (59.6) | 286 (61.0) | 214 (74.3) | < 0.001 |
Ex-smoker | 408 (15.2) | 51 (11.1) | 49 (6.5) | 557 (13.0) | 56 (11.9) | 20 (6.9) | ||
Current smoker | 901 (33.5) | 141 (30.7) | 150 (19.9) | 1175 (27.4) | 127 (27.1) | 54 (18.8) | ||
Vigorous exercise | ||||||||
0–2 days/week | 2266 (84.3) | 380 (82.6) | 585 (77.5) | < 0.001 | 3540 (82.7) | 397 (84.6) | 222 (77.1) | 0.002 |
3–5 days/week | 278 (10.3) | 64 (13.9) | 149 (19.7) | 526 (12.3) | 62 (13.2) | 52 (18.1) | ||
6–7 days/week | 142 (5.3) | 16 (3.5) | 13 (1.7) | 208 (4.9) | 10 (2.1) | 10 (3.5) | ||
Medical comorbidities | ||||||||
Hypertension | 1048 (39.0) | 238 (51.7) | 382 (50.6) | < 0.001 | 1356 (31.7) | 249 (53.1) | 136 (47.2) | < 0.001 |
Diabetes mellitus | 277 (10.3) | 88 (19.1) | 125 (16.6) | < 0.001 | 304 (7.1) | 86 (18.3) | 25 (8.7) | < 0.001 |
Dyslipidemia | 382 (14.2) | 69 (15.0) | 102 (13.5) | 0.648 | 768 (17.9) | 112 (23.9) | 68 (23.6) | 0.017 |
Refractive status | ||||||||
Hyperopia (> 1.00 D) | 547 (20.4) | 159 (34.6) | 327 (43.3) | < 0.001 | 1150 (26.9) | 169 (36.0) | 119 (41.3) | < 0.001 |
Emmetropia | 1466 (54.6) | 211 (45.9) | 338 (44.8) | 2323 (54.3) | 219 (46.7) | 132 (45.8) | ||
Myopia | ||||||||
Low (− 1.00 to − 2.99 D) | 410 (15.3) | 54 (11.7) | 64 (8.5) | 532 (12.4) | 60 (12.8) | 31 (10.8) | ||
Intermediate (− 3.00 to − 5.99 D) | 203 (7.6) | 28 (6.1) | 18 (2.4) | 198 (4.6) | 18 (3.8) | 3 (1.0) | ||
High (< − 5.99 D) | 61 (2.2) | 8 (1.7) | 8 (1.1) | 79 (1.8) | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.0) | ||
IOP, mmHg | 14.2 (0.8) | 14.7 (0.2) | 14.0 (0.1) | 0.520 | 13.9 (0.1) | 14.2 (0.2) | 13.3 (0.2) | 0.182 |
Glaucoma | 217 (8.1) | 41 (8.9) | 63 (8.3) | 0.966 | 204 (4.8) | 30 (6.4) | 23 (8.0) | 0.001 |
