Table 1 Characteristics for included studies.

From: Amino acids for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Study ID

BW (gr)

GA (weeks)

Apgar score M5

%C-Sec

% SGA

% MM fed / %FM fed

Interventions (# patients)

Control (# patients)

Treatment duration (weeks)

Outcomes

Ahola et al.38

778

26.4

7.6

58.6

31.2

NR

i.v. N-acetylcysteine (194)

Placebo (197)

0.86

ACM, NEC, LOS

Amin et al.39

953

27.5

7.5

NR

7.9

NR

Oral Arginine (75)

Normal saline (77)

4

ACM, NEC, LOS, NRM, WT

Bober-Olesinska and Kornacka40

950

28

6

70.9

-

NR

i.v. Glutamine (25)

No glutamine (30)

1.4

ACM, NEC, LOS, HOS

El-Shimi et al.41

1400

31.4

8

84

40

6.7/99.3

Arm1: Oral Arginine (25) Arm2: Oral Glutamine (25)

No glutamine or arginine (25)

4

ACM, NEC, NRM

Korkmaz et al.42

1241.8

29.6

7.1

85.5

0

NR

Oral Glutamine (36)

Placebo (33)

16

WT, TRFF

Lacey et al.43

805.5

26

6.3

68.2

NR

NR

i.v. Glutamine (22)

parenteral nutrition without glutamine (22)

> 1

NEC, LOS, HOS, TRFF

Maamouri et al.54

1299.1

29.2

NR

39.1

NR

NR

Oral Glutamine (52)

Routine care (53)

4

NEC, LOS, HOS

Memisoglu et al.55

1072.1

29.7

8

75

28.8

NR

Oral Arginine (27)

Distilled water (25)

1

NEC, LOS, HOS, WT

Mohamad Ikram et al.44

2185.8

NR

NR

46.4

NR

NR

i.v. Glutamine (76)

Standard parenteral nutrition (78)

NR

ACM, NEC, LOS, NRM, HOS, TRFF

Neu et al.45

951.4

27.4

NR

NR

NR

0/100

Oral Glutamine (35)

No glutamine (33)

4

ACM, NEC, LOS

Pawlik et al.46

1106.7

29.1

NR

NR

NR

NR

Oral Glutamine (50)

Placebo (56)

NR

ACM, NEC, LOS, NRM, FIT, HOS

Poindexter et al.47

769

26

NR

NR

16.1

NR

i.v. Glutamine (721)

No glutamine (712)

17

ACM, NEC, LOS, FIT, HOS, TRFF

Polycarpou et al.48

1146.8

29

8

74.7

NR

14.5/85.5

Oral Arginine (40)

5% glucose (43)

4

ACM, NEC, NRM

Sevastiadou et al.49

1304.8

30.3

NR

87.1

NR

0/100

Oral Glutamine (51)

Glucose polymer (50)

4

ACM, NEC, LOS

Thompson et al.50

891

27.4

NR

NR

NR

NR

i.v. Glutamine (17)

No glutamine (18)

NR

ACM, NEC, LOS, HOS, TRFF

van den Berg et al.51

1170.2

29

NR

53.9

NR

28.4/NR

Oral Glutamine (52)

Alanine in breast milk or formula (50)

4

ACM, NEC, LOS, HOS, TRFF

Vaughn et al.52

900

27

8

69

11.2

NR

Oral Glutamine (314)

Sterile water with no added glutamine (335)

4

ACM, NEC, LOS, NRM, FIT, HOS, WT

Wang et al.y53

1260.9

30.9

NR

NR

NR

NR/100

i.v. glutamine (13)

No glutamine (15)

1

ACM, HOS, TRFF

  1. BW-birth weight, GA-gestational age, Apgar M5- APGAR score at 5-min, %C-Sec-percent infants delivered by caesarean, % SGA- percent infants for small gestational age, % MM fed- percent infants exclusively fed with mother’s milk, %FM fed- percent infants exclusively fed with formula milk. NEC: Necrotizing enterocolitis; ACM: All-cause mortality; LOS: Culture-proven Late-onset sepsis, TRFF: Time to reach full enteral feeding, HOS: Duration of hospital Stay; WT: weight at term (weight at 37 weeks’ postnatal age); NRM; NEC-related mortality.
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