Table 1 Experimentally determined lattice parameters and Hugoniot states of shocked Sm. The volume is calculated using the lattice parameters obtained from x-ray diffraction measurements. Therefore, the volume for the liquid phase is not determined as extraction of volume for liquid data still remains a challenge. Density (\(\rho \)), and pressure (P) are determined from the Hugoniot jump conditions and Monte Carlo impedance matching technique. The initial density was 7.536 g/cm\(^3\) with an uncertainty of 0.3%. The upper bound of the pressure error is from impedance matching and lower bound is from incremental impedance matching. On no shots did the shock pressure, at times later than the initial breakout into the LiF window, exceed the initial pressure from impedance matching.

s55

2.459 ± 0.024

19.93 ± 0.48

1.18±0.03

1.08 ± 0.03

3.06 ± 0.03

11.68 ± 0.08

23.02 (+0.86,-0.91)

s18

2.482 ± 0.013

21.30 ± 0.22

1.31±0.02

1.19 ± 0.02

3.20 ± 0.02

12.04 ± 0.05

28.29 (+0.62,-1.99)

s57

2.486 ± 0.022

21.19 ± 0.35

1.33±0.04

1.20 ± 0.03

3.23 ± 0.04

12.09 ± 0.10

29.14 (+1.19,-2.01)

s17

2.491 ± 0.026

20.58 ± 0.41

1.41±0.03

1.27 ± 0.03

3.36 ± 0.01

12.30 ± 0.08

32.88 (+0.29,-0.91)

s220

2.497 ± 0.032

19.29 ± 0.48

1.48±0.06

1.35 ± 0.01

3.40 ± 0.06

12.52 ± 0.15

33.87 (+1.92,-5.29)

s90

2.517 ± 0.045

19.41 ± 0.66

1.52±0.04

1.36 ± 0.02

3.44 ± 0.04

12.57 ± 0.08

35.18 (+1.17,-2.93)

s181

2.523 ± 0.042

19.02 ± 0.59

1.62±0.02

1.45 ± 0.01

3.55 ± 0.06

12.60 ± 0.47

38.56 (+0.90,-4.99)

s146

—

—

1.68±0.03

1.50 ± 0.02

3.62 ± 0.11

12.73 ± 0.43

40.39 (+0.95,-3.90)

s129

—

—

1.73±0.03

1.61 ± 0.02

3.77 ± 0.06

13.02 ± 0.33

45.32 (+4.02,-5.10)

s235

—

—

2.03±0.01

1.79 ± 0.01

4.00 ± 0.05

13.49 ± 0.19

53.40 (+0.58,-8.58)

s329

—

—

2.58±0.02

2.22 ± 0.01

4.56 ± 0.05

14.50 ± 0.20

75.43 (+0.62,-10.75)