Figure 2

Realised wolverine (Gulo gulo) winter density (number of wolverines/1000 km2) and summer and winter occupancy estimates inside and outside of national parks from 2011 to 2020. Error bars indicate 95% Bayesian credible intervals. The integrated spatial capture-recapture model (winter; blue dots) included all detection processes including identified individuals, unknown individuals, and unmarked individuals from remote camera sampling. Density estimates are shown for the protected (A) and unprotected areas (B). The spatial capture-recapture model (winter; blue dots) included only detections of identifiable individuals, and estimates are shown for the protected (C) and unprotected areas (D). The dynamic occupancy models used summer (May–September; 2011–2019; red squares) or winter (October–April; 2011–2020; blue dots) remote camera data from broader sampling of unmarked individuals within protected areas (E). No occupancy data was collected for unprotected areas (F).