Table 2 Parameter estimates from the integrated spatial capture–recapture model of a 10-year study on wolverines (Gulo gulo), conducted between 2011 and 2020 in the Canadian Rocky Mountains in southern Canada.

Process	Data	Parameter	Median	SD	lcl	ucl
Population	All	Lambda	0.924	0.017	0.892	0.959
Population	All	Prob male	0.559	0.060	0.441	0.680
Home range	All	SD ActivityCentre	0.001	0.000	0.001	0.002
Home range	All	Sigma female	8.998	0.417	8.235	9.824
Home range	All	Sigma male	13.248	0.568	12.192	14.426
Density	All	Intercept	− 7.105	0.100	− 7.306	− 6.912
Density	All	Night lights	− 0.295	0.099	− 0.512	− 0.128
Density	All	Park	1.327	0.069	1.191	1.464
Density	All	Snow	0.242	0.044	0.155	0.325
Density	All	Year	− 0.079	0.018	− 0.115	− 0.042
Detection	2011–2013 SCR	Intercept	− 1.270	0.142	− 1.545	− 0.983
Detection	2011–2013 SCR	Behaviour	8.756	5.566	3.351	24.183
Detection	2011–2013 SCR	Number days	0.138	0.119	− 0.089	0.379
Detection	2011–2013 SCR	Thin	0.492	0.039	0.418	0.572
Detection	2011–2020 SCR	Night lights	− 0.335	0.179	− 0.696	− 0.005
Detection	2011–2020 SCR	Snow	0.194	0.103	0.008	0.405
Detection	2018–2020 SCR	Intercept	− 0.497	0.296	− 1.046	0.111
Detection	2018–2020 SCR	Behaviour	10.548	5.420	4.316	24.247
Detection	2018–2020 SCR	Number days	0.633	0.241	0.206	1.159
Detection	2018–2020 SCR	Thin	0.407	0.042	0.331	0.493
Detection	2011–2020 Remote camera	Intercept	− 4.649	0.106	− 4.867	− 4.446
Detection	2011–2020 Remote camera	Log Trailuse	− 0.203	0.074	− 0.355	− 0.062
Detection	2011–2020 Remote camera	Night lights	− 1.089	0.175	− 1.450	− 0.762
Detection	2011–2020 Remote camera	Rubtree	0.946	0.074	0.809	1.095
Detection	2011–2020 Remote camera	Snow	0.381	0.047	0.285	0.474

Covariates are grouped according to their effect on population growth rates, home range activity centres, density, and detection processes. Covariates are then grouped by their respective source of data. Behaviour refers to covariates for a behavioural response at baited SCR sites, thin refers to probability of identifying an individual at SCR sites with marked and unmarked individuals. number days refers to the number of sampling days. Estimates given are the median, standard deviation (SD), and lower (lcl) and upper (ucl) 95% Bayesian confidence levels.

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