Table 4 Generalised estimation equations (GEE) producing population average odds ratios.

From: A retrospective cohort study comparing differences in 30-day mortality among critically ill patients aged ≥ 70 years treated in European tax-based healthcare systems (THS) versus social health insurance systems

 

Model-1

Model-2

Model-3

aOR (95%CI; p-value)

aOR (95%CI; p-value)

aOR (95%CI; p-value)

Organ support

Mechanical ventilation

1.00 (0.65–1.53; p = 0.98)

1.01 (0.66–1.55; p = 0.96)

1.01 (0.66–1.56; p = 0.95)

Vasoactive medication

0.92 (0.64–1.32; p = 0.63)

0.91 (0.63–1.32; p = 0.62)

0.93 (0.64–1.34; p = 0.69)

Renale replacement therapy

0.47 (0.32–0.71; p < 0.001)

0.59 (0.39–0.91; p = 0.02)

0.61 (0.40–0.92; p = 0.02)

Non-invasive ventilation

1.41 (0.85–2.34; p = 0.18)

1.46 (0.88–2.42; p = 0.14)

1.47 (0.89–2.42; p = 0.13)

Treatment limitation

Any treatment limitation

0.93 (0.67–1.29; p = 0.66)

1.02 (0.69–1.51; p = 0.93)

1.02 (0.69–1.50; p = 0.93)

Treatment withholding

0.80 (0.56–1.15; p = 0.23)

0.91 (0.59–1.41; p = 0.68)

0.91 (0.59–1.41; p = 0.68)

Treatment withdrawal

1.28 (0.89–1.84; p = 0.18)

1.40 (0.92–2.13; p = 0.12)

1.42 (0.95–2.12; p = 0.09)

Mortality

ICU mortality

0.99 (0.76–1.30; p = 0.95)

1.10 (0.81–1.48; p = 0.54)

1.08 (0.80–1.46; p = 0.62)

30-day-mortality

1.07 (0.82–1.40; p = 0.63)

1.20 (0.88–1.63; p = 0.25)

1.18 (0.87–1.61; p = 0.29)

90-day-mortality

1.09 (0.80–1.47; p = 0.59)

1.21 (0.85–1.73; p = 0.28)

1.20 (0.84–1.72; p = 0.31)

  1. Model-1: GEE with ICU as random effect and THS versus SHI as fixed effect.
  2. Model-2: Model-1 plus patient level data (age, sex, SOFA-score and CFS).
  3. Model-3 Model-2 plus health economic data (HDI).
  4. Model-1 includes only the ICU as panel. Model-2 includes patient specific factors (sex, age per year, SOFA score per point, frailty score per CFS point and the admission diagnosis). Model-3 adds the HDI. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained.
  5. CFS clinical frailty scale, HDI human development index, ICU intensive care unit, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment.
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