Table 1 Distribution of individuals per group that met total cut-off scores for ASD on the ADOS and/or ADI-R.

From: A data driven machine learning approach to differentiate between autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder based on the best-practice diagnostic instruments for autism

Instruments/modules

ASD

ASD + ADHD

ADHD

ND

Statistical comparison

True positive rate: sensitivity in % and n of children who meet the cut-off score for ASD

True negative rate: specificity in % and n of children who do not meet the cut-off score for ASD

ADOS M3

73.6% (356)

68.1% (64)

88.2% (135)

85.3% (267)

Χ2 (3) = 361.59, p < 0.001

ADOS M4

77.0% (414)

66.7% (17)

89.6% (146)

84.9% (281)

Χ2 (3) = 361.59, p < 0.001

ADI-R

44.5% (181)

44.4% (32)

83.3% (55)

91.7% (154)

Χ2 (3) = 430.24, p < 0.001

ADOS M3 and ADI-R combined

32.5% (111)

31.7% (19)

100% (65)

97.3% (146)

Χ2 (3) = 76.74, p < 0.001

ADOS M4 and ADI-R combined

35.4% (137)

28.1% (18)

100% (66)

96.9% (154)

Χ2 (3) = 87.72, p < 0.001

  1. The table depicts the obtained true positive rates as well as the true negative rates of the four groups with respect to the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R), and both instruments combined.
  2. ASD autism spectrum disorder, ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, ND no psychiatric diagnosis.
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