Figure 4

Path analysis model for musical rhythm perception and expressive grammar, controlling for non-verbal IQ. This figure depicts the path model for music rhythm perception and expressive grammar, prosodic perception and working memory as mediators, with IQ as a covariate (n = 103). Age was partialled out from all variables (except IQ), by creating z-scored residualised scores of age against the z-scored, raw scores of variables. Z-scored standard PTONI scores were used as the measure of IQ. Missing values were excluded in a list-wise fashion. The β for each pair of variables is indicated on the path. Solid lines indicate a significant relationship.*signifies p < 0.05, while **signifies p < 0.001.