Table 1 Patients’ baseline characteristics.

From: Epidemiology, risk profile, management, and outcome in geriatric patients with atrial fibrillation in two long-term care hospitals

Characteristic

All

No AF

AF

P

N = 1148

N = 801

N = 347

Age, years, mean ± SD

84.1 ± 7.9

83.6 ± 8.2

85.4 ± 7.0

 < 0.001

Female, n (%)

852 (74.2)

597 (74.5)

255 (73.5)

0.71

BMI, kg/m2, mean ± SD (105 missing)

25.0 ± 5.7

24.9 ± 5.6

25.2 ± 6.0

0.50

Charlson Comorbidity Index, median [IQR]

2 [1–3]

2 [1–3]

2 [1–4]

 < 0.001

0–1, n (%)

443 (38.6)

354 (44.2)

89 (25.7)

 

2–3, n (%)

512 (44.6)

342 (42.7)

170 (49.0)

 

 ≥ 4, n (%)

193 (16.8)

105 (13.1)

88 (25.4)

 

CHA2DS2-VASc score, median [IQR]

4 [3–5]

4 [3–5]

5 [4–6]

 < 0.001

0–1, n (%)

19 (1.7)

18 (2.3)

1 (0.3)

 

2–3, n (%)

281 (24.5)

240 (30.0)

41 (11.8)

 

4–5, n (%)

569 (49.6)

403 (50.3)

166 (47.8)

 

 ≥ 6, n (%)

279 (24.3)

140 (17.5)

139 (40.1)

 

HAS-BLED score, median [IQR]

2 [2–3]

2 [2–3]

2 [2–3]

0.005

0–2, n (%)

657 (57.2)

473 (59.1)

184 (53.0)

 

 ≥ 3, n (%)

491 (42.8)

328 (41.0)

163 (47.0)

 

High care dependency, n (%) (50 missing)

725 (66.0)

510 (66.3)

215 (65.4)

0.76

Increased risk of falling, n (%) (47 missing)

780 (70.8)

552 (71.5)

228 (69.3)

0.46

Medical history, n (%)

Hypertension

777 (67.7)

514 (64.2)

263 (75.8)

 < 0.001

Hyperlipidemia

243 (21.2)

173 (21.6)

70 (20.2)

0.59

Diabetes mellitus

312 (27.2)

197 (24.6)

115 (33.1)

 < 0.01

Heart failure/cardiomyopathy

202 (17.6)

82 (10.2)

120 (34.6)

 < 0.001

Ischemic heart disease

288 (25.1)

172 (21.5)

116 (33.4)

 < 0.001

Valvular heart disease

113 (9.8)

47 (5.9)

66 (19.0)

 < 0.001

 Mitral stenosis

4 (0.4)

1 (0.1)

3 (0.9)

0.09

 Mechanical heart valve

2 (0.6)

0

2 (0.6)

0.09

Previous stroke or TIA

316 (27.5)

174 (21.7)

142 (40.9)

 < 0.001

Peripheral artery disease

91 (7.9)

52 (6.5)

39 (11.2)

 < 0.01

Chronic renal insufficiency

266 (23.2)

161 (20.1)

105 (30.3)

 < 0.001

Solid or hematologic malignancy a

167 (14.6)

116 (14.5)

51 (14.7)

0.92

Dementia

649 (56.5)

470 (58.7)

179 (51.6)

0.03

Bleeding

126 (11.0)

85 (10.6)

41 (11.8)

0.55

Oral anticoagulantsb, n (%)

Any

195 (17.0)

27 (3.4)

168 (48.4)

 < 0.001

VKA

61 (5.3)

7 (0.9)

54 (15.6)

 < 0.001

NOAC

134 (11.7)

20 (2.5)

114 (32.9)

 < 0.001

 Apixaban

14 (1.2)

1 (0.1)

13 (3.8)

 < 0.001

  2.5 mg

10 (0.9)

1 (0.1)

9 (2.6)

 

  5.0 mg

4 (0.4)

0

4 (1.2)

 

 Rivaroxaban

100 (8.7)

15 (1.9)

85 (24.5)

 < 0.001

  10 mg

5 (0.4)

1 (0.1)

4 (1.2)

 

  15 mg

58 (5.1)

8 (1.0)

50 (14.4)

 

  20 mg

37 (3.2)

6 (0.8)

31 8.9)

 

 Dabigatran

13 (1.1)

3 (0.4)

10 (2.9)

 < 0.001

  75 mg

1 (0.1)

0

1 (0.3)

 

  110 mg

9 (0.8)

3 (0.4)

6 (1.7)

 

  150 mg

3 (0.3)

0

3 (0.9)

 

 Edoxaban

7 (0.6)

1 (0.1)

6 (1.7)

 < 0.01

  30 mg

4 (0.4)

1 (0.1)

3 (0.9)

 

  60 mg

3 (0.3)

0

3 (0.9)

 

Parenteral anticoagulantsb, n (%)

LMWH

181 (15.8)

105 (13.1)

76 (21.9)

 < 0.001

Fondaparinux

2 (0.2)

2 (0.3)

0

1.00

Platelet inhibitorsb, n (%)

Any

304 (26.5)

251 (31.3)

53 (15.3)

 < 0.001

ASS

247 (21.5)

204 (25.5)

43 (12.4)

 < 0.001

Clopidogrel

70 (6.1)

58 (7.2)

12 (3.5)

0.01

Prasugrel

1 (0.1)

0

1 (0.3)

0.30

Ticagrelor

1 (0.1)

1 (0.1)

0

1.00

Dual antiplatelet therapy

15 (1.3)

12 (1.5)

3 (0.9)

0.57

  1. AF, atrial fibrillation; ASS, acetylsalicylic acid; BMI, body mass index; IQR, interquartile range; LMWH, low-molecular-weight heparin; n, number of patients; NOAC, non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant; P, p-value; SD, standard deviation; TIA, transient ischemic attack; VKA, vitamin K antagonists.
  2. aExcluding nonmelanoma skin cancer. Patients with multiple malignancies were counted once.
  3. bPrescribed within 5 days after January 1, 2014 or after admission between January 2014 and October 2017.
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