Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants.

From: Empagliflozin suppresses urinary mitochondrial DNA copy numbers and interleukin-1β in type 2 diabetes patients

Variables

Healthy volunteers (n = 22)

Diabetic patients (n = 21)

P value

Gender (male n, %)

8 (36.4%)

13 (61.9%)

0.094

Age (years)

37.50 (27.50–42.25)

51.00 (44.00–59.00)

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

22.10 (20.78–23.17)

29.14 (26.41–31.41)

< 0.001

Systolic BP (mmHg)

110.00 (100.00–110.00)

130.00 (120.00–135.50)

< 0.001

Diastolic BP (mmHg)

80.00 (70.00–80.00)

80.00 (70.00–81.50)

0.145

BUN (mg/dL)

11.20 (8.88–12.90)

12.70 (10.10–15.90)

0.117

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

0.72 (0.67–0.99)

0.81 (0.61–0.95)

0.817

eGFRa (mL/min/1.73 m2)

109.87 (99.31–116.24)

104.10 (92.33–109.58)

0.024

Fasting glucose (mg/dL)

95.50 (90.00–101.25)

164.00 (144.00–188.00)

< 0.001

UPCR or 24 h urine proteinb

58.65 (44.53–77.55)

88.70 (49.00–197.10)

0.016

UACR or 24 h urine albuminb

2.00 (1.55–3.08)

17.80 (4.85–56.55)

< 0.001

  1. Values are expressed as n (%) for gender and median (interquartile range) for continuous data.
  2. BMI body mass index, BP blood pressure, BUN blood urea nitrogen, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, UACR urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, UPCR urinary protein to creatinine ratio.
  3. aThe eGFR was calculated using the chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula.
  4. bThe 24 h urine protein and albumin (mg/day) were tested in healthy volunteers, and spot urine protein and albumin to creatinine ratio (mg/g) were evaluated in diabetes patients.
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