Table 1 Baseline characteristics for the study population.

From: An electrocardiography score predicts heart failure hospitalization or death beyond that of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Characteristic

All

Eventa

No event

p value

Number, n (%)

783

45

(6)

738

(94)

–

Age, years

55

(43–64)

60

(53–66)

54

(42–64)

0.005

Female sex, %

342

(44)

24

(47)

321

(43)

0.74

CMR characteristics

ECV, %

27.6

(25.3–30.3)

30.3

(28.3–33.6)

27.5

(25.1–30.1)

 < 0.001

Native myocardial T1

999

(966–1038)

1031

(1002–1070)

998

(966–1035)

 < 0.001

EDV, mL

160.7

(130.8–205.5)

190.6

(154.0–254.0)

159.7

(129.7–204.0)

0.007

EDVI, mL/m2

78.3

(66.1–97.3)

94.0

(75.5–125.6)

77.8

(65.6–95.3)

 < 0.001

GLS, %

− 16.2

(− 18.8 to − 12.3)

− 10.2

(− 15.9 to − 6.9)

− 16.3

(− 19.0 to − 12.7)

 < 0.001

LVEF, %

58.5

(47.0–65.0)

47.0

(23.0–63.0)

59.0

(48.0–65.0)

 < 0.001

LVM, g

113.0

(88.1–145.6)

127.7

(87.3–151.9)

112.0

(88.2–144.2)

0.24

LVMI, g/m2

55.3

(44.9–67.1)

62.5

(46.8–73.7)

54.5

(44.9–67.0)

0.07

BMI, kg/m2

28.6

(24.4–33.9)

29.0

(24.0–35.9)

28.6

(24.4–33.8)

0.80

BSA, m2

2.0

(1.8–2.2)

2.0

(1.8–2.2)

2.0

(1.8–2.2)

0.35

Infarct, n

165

(21)

19

(42)

146

(20)

 < 0.001

Infarct sizeb, %

14.7

(5.9–22.6)

22.1

(12.9–25.0)

14.0

(5.9–21.3)

0.11

Non-ischemic scar, n

137

(17)

10

(22)

127

(17)

0.39

Non-ischemic scar sizeb, %

2.9

(1.5–5.7)

2.6

(1.9–5.1)

2.9

(1.3–5.7)

0.72

ECG characteristics

QTc, ms

437

(419–459)

462

(442–474)

436

(418–457)

 < 0.001

Frontal QRS-T angle, degrees

30

(14–61)

77

(33–123)

29

(13–56)

 < 0.001

Comorbidity, n (%)

Hypertension

398

(51)

33

(73)

365

(50)

0.002

Diabetes mellitus

171

(22)

24

(53)

147

(20)

 < 0.001

Dyslipidemia

303

(39)

24

(53)

279

(38)

0.04

CAD (obstructive)

139

(18)

16

(35)

123

(17)

0.001

CABG

59

(8)

10

(22)

49

(7)

 < 0.001

Previous percutaneous coronary intervention

94

(12)

7

(16)

87

(12)

0.45

Heart failure

 

194 (25)

28

(62)

166

(22)

 < 0.001

Smoking status, n (%)

Current smoker

129

(17)

12

(27)

117

(16)

0.06

Ex-smoker

246

(31)

16

(36)

230

(30)

0.54

General indication for CMR examination, n (%)

Known or suspected cardiomyopathy

147

(19)

 

11 (24)

 

136 (18)

0.32

Possible coronary disease/vasodilator stress testing

340

(43)

 

23 (51)

 

317 (43)

0.28

Evaluation for arrhythmia substrate

243

(31)

 

7 (16)

 

236 (32)

0.02

Sarcoidosis

5

(0.6)

 

0 (0)

 

5 (0.7)

0.58

Valve disease assessment

48

(6)

 

3 (7)

 

45 (6)

0.88

Pericardial disease assessment

34

(4)

 

2 (4)

 

32 (4)

0.97

Possible mass or thrombus

29

(4)

 

3 (7)

 

26 (4)

0.28

Thoracic aorta assessment

19

(2)

 

1 (2)

 

18 (2)

0.93

Medication, n (%)

ACEi or ARB

315

(40)

20

(44)

295

(40)

0.55

Antiarrhythmic

49

(6)

6

(13)

43

(6)

0.04

Aspirin or other antiplatelet

397

(51)

31

(69)

366

(50)

0.01

Beta-blockers

387

(49)

34

(76)

353

(48)

 < 0.001

Loop diuretics

164

(21)

24

(53)

140

(19)

 < 0.001

Insulin

121

(16)

18

(44)

140

(14)

 < 0.001

Oral hypoglycemic

54

(7)

6

(13)

48

(7)

0.08

Statin

315

(40)

23

(51)

292

(40)

0.13

  1. Significant values are in bold.
  2. Continuous data are given as median [interquartile range], or number (%) and analyzed with Mann-Whitey U test or Chi-square, respectively. ACEi indicates angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index; BSA, body surface area; CAD, coronary artery disease; CABG, coronary artery bypass graft surgery; CMR, cardiovascular magnetic resonance; ECV, extracellular volume fraction; EDV, end-diastolic volume; EDVI, end-diastolic volume index; GLS, global longitudinal strain; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; LVM, left ventricular mass; LVMI, left ventricular mass index.
  3. aHospitalization for heart failure or death within 1 years of the CMR scan.
  4. bIn patients with infarct or non-ischemic scar.
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