Table 1 Feed constitutes, nutrient composition and energy concentration of the normal protein (NP) and low protein (LP) diets (means ± SEM).

From: Hepatic urea, creatinine and uric acid metabolism in dairy cows with divergent milk urea concentrations

 

NP

LP

Ingredients g/kg of DM

Grass silage

275 ± 14

227 ± 13

Corn silage

311 ± 3.95

369 ± 11

Triticale silage

22.2 ± 15.2

–

Forage rye silage

14.18 ± 9.69

82.5 ± 25.4

Hay

17.5 ± 7.69

–

Barley straw

3.97 ± 2.71

4.33 ± 2.97

Corn meal

52.9 ± 5.55

70.8 ± 10.5

Wheat kernels

116 ± 12.2

131 ± 6

Rapeseed extraction meal

143 ± 10.5

100 ± 7

Soybean extraction meal

2.10 ± 1.43

–

MF 20001

28.5 ± 19.4

–

Mineral feed2

9.05 ± 0.31

10.3 ± 0.3

Limestone3

3.83 ± 0.08

3.72 ± 0.18

Feed salt4

1.46 ± 0.14

1.56 ± 0.02

Nutrients, g/kg of DM

Crude ash5

73.8 ± 3.80

69.1 ± 0.6

Crude fat

29 ± 0.61

27.2 ± 0.7

Crude protein

159 ± 1.28

139 ± 2.1

Crude fiber

171 ± 4.52

163 ± 2.8

ADF

197 ± 3.58

189 ± 3.1

NDF

377 ± 7.12

353 ± 4.6

Starch

210 ± 6.38

248 ± 5.2

Sugar

23 ± 1.40

14.4 ± 1.6

Utilizable crude protein6

152 ± 1.06

146 ± 0.96

N, g/kg DM7

29.5 ± 0.60

25.1 ± 0.3

Ruminal N balance8

2.01 ± 0.30

0.76 ± 0.20

ME, MJ/kg DM

10.2 ± 0.14

10.1 ± 0.17

NEL, MJ/kg DM

6.18 ± 0.09

6.16 ± 0.12

  1. 1MF2000 pell. (Ceravis Produktion und Transport GmbH, Malchin, Germany): 24% crude protein, 2.6% crude fat, 5.10% crude fiber, 8% crude ash, 0.73% calcium, 0.5% phosphorus, 0.65% sodium, 7.1 MJ NEL/kg; Additives: 10,000 I.E. vitamin A, 1125 I.E. vitamin D3, 40 mg vitamin E, 0.6 mg I, 0.4 mg Co, 50 mg Mn, 75 mg Zn, 0.4 mg Se.
  2. 2Panto Mineral R 8609 (HL Hamburger Leistungsfutter GmbH, Hamburg, Germany): composition: 20% calcium, 6% phosphorous, 8% sodium, 6% magnesium, 0.03% inorganic nitrogen, 13.74% phosphorous pentoxide. Additives per kg original substance: 900,000 IU vitamin A, 200,000 IU vitamin D3, 4.5 g vitamin E, 1.5 g Cu, 8 g Zn, 5 g Mn, 60 mg I, 21 mg Co, 50 mg Se.
  3. 3Bergophor CaCO3 V001 (Hohburg Mineralfutter GmbH, Lossatal, Germany): 37% calcium.
  4. 4Animal feed salt (ESCO—European Salt Company GmbH & Co.KG, Hanover, Germany): 38% sodium, 0.3% calcium, 0.01% magnesium.
  5. 5Measured quantity elements g/kg in LP: calcium 7.0 ± 0.2, phosphorous 4.1 ± 0.1, sodium 2.3 ± 0.2, magnesium 2.3 ± 0.1, potassium 10.3 ± 0.6; NP: calcium 7.5 ± 0.4, phosphorous 4.4 ± 0.1, sodium 2.4 ± 0.2, magnesium 2.6 ± 0.1, potassium 10.5 ± 0.6.
  6. 6Utilizable crude protein (g/kg DM) = [11.93 – (6.82 × UDP) (g/kg DM) / crude protein (g/kg DM)] × ME (MJ/kg DM) + 1.03 × UDP (g/kg DM), with UDP = undegradable protein (GfE, 2001)41.
  7. 7 N measured in fresh feed including volatile nitrogen compounds and normalized to dry matter content.
  8. 8Ruminal N balance (g/kg DM) = [crude protein (g/kg DM) − utilizable crude protein (g/kg DM)]/6.25(GfE, 2001)41.
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