Table 2 Measures of heart rate, heart rate variability, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulins resistance (HOMA-IR) and different inflammation markers of interest and their association.

From: Parasympathetic tonus in type 2 diabetes and pre-diabetes and its clinical implications

 

HbA1c

FPG

Insulin

HOMA-IR

hs-CRP

IL-18

WBC

Whole study population (N = 633)

RMSSD

− 0.13

− 0.06

− 0.02

− 0.05

− 0.08*

− 0.02

− 0.06

pNN50

− 0.11

− 0.06

− 0.02

− 0.04

− 0.07

− 0.03

− 0.07

SDNN

− 0.10*

− 0.06

− 0.03

− 0.05

− 0.17

− 0.01

− 0.17

24H HR

0.11

0.09*

0.05

0.06

0.22

0.05

0.19

HOMA-IR

0.25

0.51

0.97

NA

0.11*

0.11

0.13

Participants with diabetes (N = 131)

RMSSD

− 0.21

− 0.05

0.03

− 0.02

− 0.11

− 0.05

− 0.10

pNN50

− 0.19*

− 0.01

0.08

0.03

− 0.09

− 0.10

− 0.13

SDNN

− 0.09

0.06

0.05

0.02

− 0.30

− 0.16

− 0.24

24H HR

0.11

0.001

− 0.03

− 0.01

0.34

− 0.08

0.19*

HOMA-IR

0.11

0.53

0.94

NA

0.06

0.05

− 0.05

Participants with pre− diabetes (N = 372)

RMSSD

− 0.11*

− 0.05

− 0.03

− 0.04

− 0.05

− 0.002

− 0.05

pNN50

− 0.11*

− 0.06

− 0.06

− 0.07

− 0.05

− 0.01

− 0.04

SDNN

− 0.09

− 0.05

− 0.10*

− 0.10*

− 0.09

− 0.05

− 0.13

24H HR

0.13

0.07

0.11*

0.11*

0.20

0.13*

0.21

HOMA-IR

0.05

0.48

0.99

NA

0.09

0.12*

0.15

Participants with normal glucose metabolism (N = 130)

RMSSD

− 0.04

0.02

0.05

0.05

− 0.09

0.06

0.005

pNN50

− 0.04

0.05

0.08

0.08

− 0.09

0.04

− 0.03

SDNN

− 0.009

− 0.06

0.20*

0.20*

− 0.20*

0.02

− 0.17

24H HR

0.12

0.13

− 0.08

− 0.07

0.15

− 0.05

0.15

HOMA-IR

− 0.1

0.16*

0.99

NA

0.01

− 0.02

− 0.01

  1. Results are presented as correlation coefficient (r).
  2. hs-CRP High sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL18 Interleukin-18, WBC White blood cell count, FPG Fasting plasma glucose, HOMA-IR Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, SDNN Standard deviation of normal-normal complexes, RMSSD Root mean square of successive normal-normal interval differences, pNN50 proportion of NN intervals which differs by more than 50 ms, 24H HR 24-h heart rate. Derived from MEANNN: MEANNN/60.000 = Average HR.
  3. *p < 0.05.
  4. p < 0.01.