Figure 5

Trametinib alleviated activated CTL reduction by anti-CCR4 mAb. Lymphocytes containing expanded CMV-CTLs and NK cells derived from HD1 were co-cultured with HSC-3pp65 cells for 5 days. 0.1 μg/mL KM2760 and serial concentration of trametinib were supplemented. The results for the groups without TGF-β1 (a,b) and with 10 ng/mL TGF-β1 (c,d) are shown. HLA-CMVpp65-tetramer and CCR4 expression in CD8⁺ T-cells were evaluated using flow cytometry and are shown with a representative (a,c). The number of CTLs in the group treated with KM2760 is shown with a summary of results (n = 3, independent replicates) (b,d). Error bars indicate standard errors. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-sided Dunnett’s test, and p < 0.05 was considered significant.