Figure 3

Comparison of our RF GPP predictions to CMIP6 ESM simulations. (a) Box and violin plots of GPP probability densities for different land cover types in our RF approach, eight ESMs and the ESM ensemble (2001–2014 mean values). The tiny coloured dots correspond to individual grid cells (subset of 1% randomly selected cells), the larger black dots indicate area-weighted means across all grid cells. (b) Maps of the most productive land cover type. ESM considerably vary in their spatial resolutions and simulated forest cover so we bilinear remapped the output to 0.05° resolution using Climate Data Operators³³ and removed grid cells without any trees in at least one ESM, i.e., we compare the same area for all models. Maps of the most productive land cover type on the original ESM spatial resolution can be found in Supplementary Fig. S10. The figure was created using R version 4.1.0 (https://cran.r-project.org/)²⁵.